render service to female pupils, so far as they practise it; for the accustomed gymnastic exercises seem never yet to have been rendered attractive to them, on any large scale, and with any permanency.” In a volume published in 1868 Dr. Lewis says that more than two hundred and fifty persons had taken the diploma of the Normal Institute in the nine sessions which had been held. His biographer, on the other hand, makes this statement: “During the next seven years (after its establishment) four hundred and twenty-one ladies and gentlemen, in about equal numbers, were graduated from it. These were able to answer the demand for instructors in the ‘new gymnastics’ which soon came from the schools and from private classes in the larger cities of New England, and later from the remoter parts of the country, until at length the system was taught in every State of the Union.” Dio Lewis was a voluminous writer, but only two of his books require particular mention here—“The New Gymnastics for Men, Women, and Children,” first issued in 1862; and the tenth edition, practically a new work although it bears the same title, which appeared in 1868. Both were published in Boston, by Ticknor and Fields. The leading article, “The New Gymnastics,” in the _Atlantic Monthly_ for August of 1862 (Vol. X, pp. 129-148) is from his pen, and another of sixty-five pages was published in two instalments in Barnard’s _American Journal of Education_ for June and December of the same year (Vol. XI, pp. 531-562; Vol. XII, pp. 665-700). Of the 275 profusely illustrated pages in the book of 1862 only a little more than a third are filled with material of the author’s own devising. Pp. 102-115 (“Free Gymnastics”) contain exercises selected from Schreber’s “Aerztliche Zimmer-Gymnastik;”[231] on pp. 117-164 “The Dumb Bell Instructor for Parlor Gymnasts,” by Maurice Kloss,[232] is given in condensed form and free translation; and pp. 165-255 are occupied with a similar translation of Schreber’s “The Pangymnastikon; or All Gymnastic Exercises brought within the Compass of a Single Piece of Apparatus.”[233] The first portion of the book begins with ten pages of introductory discussion relating to the need of special gymnastic training for children, the inadequacy of military drills and other forms of exercise commonly employed, the use of music with gymnastics, the gymnasium, and the gymnastic dress. Then follow (pp. 18-101) Lewis’s own exercises, grouped as follows: Bag exercises (30), exercises with rings (54), exercises with wands (68), dumb-bell exercises (34), club exercises (22), pin running (a game with clubs), games with birds’ nests (played with bean-bags), the arm pull, the gymnastic crown, and the shoulder pusher.