[264] At the meeting in Brooklyn which resulted in the organization of the American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education, in 1885, Dr. Sargent was elected one of three vice-presidents. In 1890 he was chosen president, and held the same office again in the years 1892-94 and 1899-1901. He was also an active member of the Society of Directors of Physical Education in Colleges from the time of its organization in 1897, serving as president in 1899. Outside of these professional associations he has been busy with voice and pen in the interest of wholesome and nationwide physical training, and against excesses in athletics, the abuse of military drill in the public schools, and other unwise measures. A list of his more important papers and addresses would include no less than forty titles (see pp. 9-22 in the “Fiftieth Anniversary” volume prepared in 1919 and presented to Dr. Sargent at a dinner given in his honor at Hotel Vendome, Boston, on the evening of December 27th of that year). Twelve papers and essays were collected into a volume under the title “Physical Education” and published in 1906 (Boston, etc., Ginn & Co.), and two years earlier another volume, “Health, Strength and Power,” had appeared (New York and Boston, H. M. Caldwell Co. Reissued in 1914 by the Dodge Publishing Co., New York). [265] See the reports of a standing committee of the Society of Directors of Physical Education in Colleges, based on questionnaires sent out in 1909, 1915, and 1920, and published in the _American Physical Education Review_ for February, 1912, March, 1916 and November, 1921. These reports supply the other figures quoted in succeeding paragraphs. [266] An important step looking toward effective faculty control of intercollegiate athletics was taken when the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States was formed in 1906. Four years later the name was changed to “National Collegiate Athletic Association.” Annual conventions have been held during the Christmas holidays since 1906. [267] An “American Students Health Association” was organized in Chicago March 4, 1920, and held its first annual meeting in that city on December 31st of the same year. CHAPTER XXIV. GERMAN-AMERICAN GYMNASTIC SOCIETIES AND THE NORTH AMERICAN TURNERBUND.