A guide to the history of physical educationLeonard, Fred Eugene
History
A guide to the history of physical education
Leonard, Fred Eugene
Physical education and training; Physical education and training -- History
The career of Brosius as a teacher of gymnastics, which was to continue
without interruption for fifty fruitful years, began in the autumn
of 1864, when he undertook the direction of the various classes of
_Turnverein_ “Milwaukee.” The regular exercise soon restored his
former degree of strength and skill, and a long list of successful
appearances in local, district, and national _Turnfeste_ gave evidence
of his own merit as a practical gymnast and of his gift for developing a
corresponding proficiency in his pupils. In 1866 the Engelmann School,
one of the first to introduce physical training into its curriculum,
secured a part of his time as teacher, and during the same period he was
also conducting the exercises at the Milwaukee Gymnasium, frequented
chiefly by native Americans. Then followed a year in Chicago (1870-1871),
in the service of the “Aurora” and Scandinavian societies. When the third
course of the _Turnerbund’s_ Normal School was opened there, in January
of 1871, he became one of the three teachers who directed it. But the
great fire of October sent him back to Milwaukee, to open a private
gymnasium and take up again his work at the Engelmann School, and in 1873
to resume his former position at _Turnverein_ “Milwaukee.”
The next period of his life, and the most fruitful one, opens in
1875, with the transfer of the Normal School of the _Turnerbund_ to
_Turnverein_ “Milwaukee.” Brosius became its technical director, as we
have seen, and in the ten courses held between 1875 and 1888 more than
a hundred teachers of gymnastics were graduated from the institution,
to become leaders in _Turnvereine_ all over the country, and many of
them to undertake the direction of physical training in important city
school systems or in other positions of large influence. From 1875 to
1883 Brosius himself served as superintendent of physical training in
the public schools of Milwaukee, and after 1878 as instructor in the
National German-American Teachers College (_Lehrerseminar_), which had
been established there.[270] The rules in force at the time the ninth
course was given in Milwaukee (1885-1886) required that it should last
not less than ten months, and should include systematic instruction in
the following subjects: Practical gymnastics, gymnastic nomenclature,
the value and uses of the different pieces of apparatus, the preparation
of series of graded lessons in gymnastics; the history and literature of
physical training, including systems and methods, with special attention
to modern times; the history of civilization, in connection with the
preceding course; the essentials of anatomy and physiology; hygiene,
medical gymnastics, and first aid; the principles of education, and
practical hints derived from them; the German and English languages and
literature; simple popular and _Turner_ songs; foil, sabre, and bayonet
fencing; swimming. There was also to be frequent observation of classes
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