Besides the Director’s four children, there were during the first year nine pupils, all of them under twelve years of age, and for the instruction of this small number five assistants were employed. On July 18, 1785, _Christian Carl Andre_ entered upon his duties as a teacher at the Institute, and to him Salzmann assigned the physical training of the pupils. About eleven o’clock they were called away from other tasks for the gymnastic lesson, commonly given in an open space under the oaks which shaded a neighboring hill. Here a jumping-ditch had been dug, and a balance-beam and pair of upright poles set up, like the ones at Dessau. The new exercises mentioned at this period are throwing at a target, running through the long jumping rope, pole-vaulting, and running up and down hill. When the weather was unfavorable they practised indoors various movements and positions intended to teach the proper carriage of the body—the beginnings of our present “free exercises.” The knightly exercises had not yet been introduced. After the midday meal the children were allowed the time until two o’clock for relaxation and games, and again in the evening these alternated with “musical entertainments.” The whole of Sunday afternoons was set apart for amusements, excursions on foot, and games under Andre’s direction. Pupils who showed proficiency in the events of the morning were distinguished by a few oak leaves on the hat, and as a further reward they were sometimes permitted by the teacher to choose the exercises for the following day. In July of 1786 this portion of Andre’s work was turned over to _Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths_ (1759-1839), who continued to discharge the duties of the position for nearly fifty years. During fifteen years of this time, _i.e._, from October of 1787 till 1802, Christian Ludwig Lenz assisted him by giving instruction in swimming and vaulting. The preëminence of GutsMuths among pioneers of modern physical education does not rest upon priority in time—as we have seen, he was not the first, but the fourth teacher of gymnastics in a school open to all classes of society—but it is due rather to his long period of service, to the character and results of his teaching and the favorable impression which it made upon visitors, and to the series of volumes from his pen which formed what has been aptly called the first normal school of physical training for other teachers, and not in Germany alone, but elsewhere in Europe and even beyond its borders. For these reasons his career deserves somewhat extended notice.