-----+----------------------------+------------------------------- | Turnfeste. | Turntage. No. +---------+------------------+--------------+---------------- | Place. | Date. | Place. | Date. -----+---------+------------------+--------------+---------------- I Coburg |1860, June 17-18 |Coburg |1860, June II Berlin |1861, August 10-12|Berlin |1861, August III Leipsic |1863, August 2-5 |Leipsic |1863, August IV Bonn |1872, August 3-6 |Weimar |1868, July 20-21 V Frankfurt|1880, July 25-28 |Bonn |1872, August 3 VI Dresden |1885, July 19-21 |Dresden |1875, July 25-26 VII Munich |1889, July 28-31 |Berlin |1879, July 27-28 VIII Breslau |1894, July 22-24 |Eisenach |1883, July 24-25 IX Hamburg |1898, July 23-27 |Coburg |1887, July 19-20 X Nuremberg|1903, July 18-22 |Hannover |1891, July 21-22 XI Frankfurt|1908, July 18-22 |Esslingen |1895, July 22-23 XII Leipsic |1913, July 12-15 |Naumburg a. S.|1899, July 30-31 XIII | |Berlin |1904, April 4-5 XIV | |Worms |1907, July 28-29 XV | |Dresden |1911, July 27-28 XVI | |Erfurt |1919, Oct. 15-16 ---------------+------------------+--------------+---------------- The Bonn _Turnfest_ fell in the period of decline, and one planned for Breslau in 1878 was given up because disturbed political conditions threatened its success; but beginning at Frankfort-on-the-Main two years later these great national gatherings have brought together not less than 10,000 turners, and at Hamburg and Nuremberg between 25,000 and 30,000 were present. Successive conventions have left the outward form of the German Turnerschaft almost unchanged, although various details have been modified. The Esslingen _Turntag_ defined its object to be “the promotion of German gymnastics as a means to physical and moral vigor, and the fostering of patriotic sentiment and a spirit of racial unity among Germans.” In 1887 Georgii gave up his position as chairman of the committee and was succeeded by Alfred Maul, of Karlsruhe, who resigned in 1894. The next year Dr. Ferdinand Goetz was appointed to that office, and his place as business manager was given to Dr. Hugo Rühl, of Stettin. Dr. Goetz died October 13, 1915. Dr. Theodor Toeplitz then became chairman, but died June 2, 1919, and the position passed to Dr. Oskar Berger, of Aschersleben. [Illustration: FIG. 18.—District Display at the 11th German _Turnfest_, Frankfurt, 1908.] [Illustration: FIG. 19.—A Competitor on the Horizontal Bar at the 11th German _Turnfest_, Frankfurt, 1908.] [Illustration: FIG. 20.—Mass Exercises (17,000), at the 12th German _Turnfest_, Leipsic, 1913.]