A Guide to the Study of Fishes, Volume 2 (of 2)Jordan, David Starr
History
A Guide to the Study of Fishes, Volume 2 (of 2)
Jordan, David Starr
Fishes; Fishes -- Bibliography; Zoology -- History
Still another species, _Ch. jordani_, is found about the city of Mexico,
where it is sold baked in corn-husks. Along the coasts of Peru, Chile,
and Argentina is found still another assemblage of fishes of the king,
with very small scales, constituting the genera _Basilichthys_ and
_Gastropterus_ (_Pisciregia_). _Basilichthys microlepidotus_ is the
common Pesca del Rey of Chile. The small silversides, or "brit," of our
Atlantic coast belong to numerous species of _Menidia_, _Menidia notata_
to the northward and _Menidia menidia_ to the southward being most
abundant. _Kirtlandia laciniata_, with ragged scales, is common along
the Virginia coast, and _K. vagrans_ farther south. Another small
species, very slender and very graceful, is the brook silverside
_Labidesthes sicculus_, which swarms in clear streams from Lake Ontario
to Texas. This species, three to four inches long, has the snout
produced and a very bright silvery stripe along the side. Large and
small species of silversides occur in the sea along the California
coast, where they are known familiarly as "blue smelt" or "Peixe Re."
The most important of these and the largest member of the family,
reaching a length of eighteen inches, is _Atherinopsis californiensis_,
an important food-fish throughout California, everywhere wrongly known
as smelt. _Atherinops affinis_ is much like it, but has Y-shaped teeth.
_Iso flos-maris_, called Nami-no-hana, or flower of the surf, is a
shining little fish with belly shape like that of a herring. It lives in
the surf on the coast of Japan. _Melanotænia nigrans_ of Australia
(family _Melanotæniidæ_) has the lateral band jet-black, as has also
_Melaniris balsanus_ of the rivers of southern Mexico. _Atherinosoma
vorax_ of Australia has strong teeth like those of a barracuda.
[Illustration:
FIG. 172.—Blue Smelt or Pez del Rey, _Atherinopsis californiensis_
Girard. San Diego.
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 173.—Flower of the waves, _Iso flos-maxis_, Jordan & Starks.
Enoshima, Japan.
]
Fossil species of _Atherina_ occur in the Italian Eocene, the best known
being _Atherina macrocephala_. Another species, _Rhamphognathus
paralepoides_, allied to _Menidia_, occurs in the Eocene of Monte Bolca.
=The Mullets: Mugilidæ.=—The mullets (_Mugilidæ_) are more clumsy in
form than the silversides, robust, with broad heads and stouter
fin-spines. The ventral fins are abdominal but well forward, the pelvis
barely touching the clavicle, a condition to be defined as
"subabdominal." The small mouth is armed with very feeble teeth, often
reduced to mere fringes. The stomach is muscular like the gizzard of a
fowl and the species feed largely on the vegetation contained in mud.
There are numerous species, mostly living in shallow bays and estuaries,
but some of them are confined to fresh waters. All are valued as food
and some of them under favorable conditions are especially excellent.
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