A Guide to the Study of Fishes, Volume 2 (of 2)Jordan, David Starr
History
A Guide to the Study of Fishes, Volume 2 (of 2)
Jordan, David Starr
Fishes; Fishes -- Bibliography; Zoology -- History
=Cornet-fishes: Fistulariidæ.=—Closely related to the sticklebacks so
far as structure is concerned is a family of very different habit, the
cornet-fishes, or cornetas (_Fistulariidæ_). In these fishes the body is
very long and slender, like that of a garfish. The snout is produced
into a very long tube, which bears the short jaws at the end. The teeth
are very small. There are no scales, but bony plates are sunk in the
skin. The ventrals are abdominal, each with a spine and four rays. The
four anterior vertebræ are very much elongate. There are no spines in
the dorsal and the back-bone extends through the forked caudal, ending
in a long filament. The cornet-fishes are dull red or dull green in
color. They reach a length of two or three feet, and the four or five
known species are widely distributed through the warm seas, where they
swim in shallow water near the surface. _Fistularia tabaccaria_, the
tobacco-pipe fish, is common in the West Indies, _Fistularia petimba_,
_F. serrata_, and others in the Pacific. A fossil cornet-fish of very
small size, _Fistularia longirostris_, is known from the Eocene of Monte
Bolca, near Verona. _Fistularia kœnigi_ is recorded from the Oligocene
of Glarus.
=The Trumpet-fishes: Aulostomidæ.=—The _Aulostomidæ_, or trumpet-fishes
are in structure entirely similar to the _Fistulariidæ_, but the body is
band-shaped, compressed, and scaly, the long snout bearing the feeble
jaws at the end. There are numerous dorsal spines and no filament on the
tail. _Aulostomus chinensis_ (_maculatus_) is common in the West Indies,
_Aulostomus valentini_ abounds in Polynesia and Asia, where it is a
food-fish of moderate importance. A species of _Aulostomus_
(_bolcensis_) is found in the Italian Eocene. Allied to it is the
extinct family _Urosphenidæ_, scaleless, but otherwise similar.
_Urosphen dubia_ occurs in the Eocene at Monte Bolca. _Urosphen_ is
perhaps the most primitive genus of the whole suborder of
_Hemibranchii_.
[Illustration:
FIG. 184.—Trumpet-fish, _Aulostomus chinensis_ (L.) Virginia.
]
=The Snipefishes: Macrorhamphosidæ.=—Very remarkable fishes are the
snipefishes, or _Macrorhamphosidæ_. In these forms the snout is still
tubular, with the short jaws at the end. The body is short and deep,
partly covered with bony plates. The dorsal has a very long serrated
spine, besides several shorter ones, and the ventral fins have one spine
and five rays.
[Illustration:
FIG. 185.—Japanese Snipefish, _Macrorhamphosus sagifue_ Jordan &
Starks. Misaki, Japan.
]
The snipefish, or woodcock-fish, _Macrorhamphosus scolopax_, is rather
common on the coasts of Europe, and a very similar species (_M.
sagifue_) occurs in Japan. The _Rhamphosidæ_, represented by
_Rhamphosus_, an extinct genus with the ventrals further forward, are
found in the Eocene rocks of Monte Bolca. _Rhamphosus vastrum_ has
minute scales, short dorsal, and the snout greatly attenuate.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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