Still other Spanish mackerel of several species occur on the coasts of India, Chile, and Japan. The great kingfish, or cavalla (_Scomberomorus cavalla_), is a huge Spanish mackerel of Cuba and the West Indies, reaching a weight of 100 pounds. It is dark iron-gray in color, one of the best of food-fishes, and is unspotted, and its firm, rich flesh resembles that of the barracuda. Still larger is the great guahu, or peto, an immense sharp-nosed, swift-swimming mackerel found in the East and West Indies, as well as in Polynesia, reaching a length of six feet and a weight of more than a hundred pounds. Its large knife-like teeth are serrated on the edge and the color is almost black. _Acanthocybium solandri_ is the species found in Hawaii and Japan. The American _Acanthocybium petus_, occasionally also taken in the Mediterranean, may be the same species. Fossil Spanish mackerels, tunnies, and albacores, as well as representatives of related genera now extinct, abound in the Eocene and Miocene, especially in northern Italy. Among them are _Scomber antiquus_ from the Miocene, _Scombrinus macropomus_ from the Eocene London clays, much like _Scomber_, but with stronger teeth, _Sphyrænodus priscus_ from the same deposits, the teeth still larger, _Scombramphodon crossidens_, from the same deposits, also with strong teeth, like those of _Scomberomorus_. _Scomberomorus_ is the best represented of all the genera as fossil, _Scomberomorus speciosus_ and numerous other species occurring in the Eocene. A fossil species of _Germo_, _G. lanceolatus_, occurs at Monte Bolca in Eocene rocks. Another tunny, with very small teeth is _Eothynnus salmonens_, from the lower Eocene near London. Several other tunny-like fishes occur in the lower Tertiary. =The Escolars: Gempylidæ.=—More predaceous than the mackerels and tunnies are the pelagic mackerels, _Gempylidæ_, known as _escolars_ ("scholars"), with the body almost band-shaped and the teeth very large and sharp. Some of these, from the ocean depths, are violet-black in color, those near the surface being silvery. _Escolar violaceus_ lives in the abysses of the Gulf Stream. _Ruvettus pretiosus_, the black escolar, lives in more moderate depths and is often taken in Cuba, Madeira, Hawaii, and Japan. It is a very large fish, black, with very rough scales. The flesh is white, soft, and full of oil; sometimes rated very high, and at other times too rank to be edible. The name _escolar_ means _scholar_ in Spanish, but its root meaning, as applied to this fish, comes from a word meaning _to scour_, in allusion to the very rough scales. _Promethichthys prometheus_, the rabbit-fish, or conejo, so-called from its wariness, is caught in the same regions, being especially common about Madeira and Hawaii. _Gempylus serpens_, the snake-mackerel, is a still slenderer and more voracious fish of the open seas. _Thyrsites atun_ is the Australian "barracuda," a valued food-fish, voracious and predaceous.