A brief summary of the war shows that at the close of the 570 days which it lasted Russia had 629,614 men in the field in Manchuria, to which Japan was able to oppose 912,730, with 1116 Russian cannon to 1030 Japanese. The Japanese captured 67,701 Russians, losing only 646 prisoners themselves. The total casualty list on land shows 294,779 Russians killed and wounded to 113,086 Japanese. The total loss to Russia in ships is estimated at $155,560,000, including twelve battleships, five armored cruisers, one coast defense vessel, six cruisers, fourteen converted cruisers, and nineteen destroyers sunk, and two battleships, two coast defense vessels, one converted cruiser, and two destroyers captured, nineteen other naval vessels being driven into internment. Japan’s naval loss includes two battleships, four cruisers, as many converted cruisers, and two torpedo boat destroyers sunk, which were valued at $24,720,000, none being captured or interned. On the sea Russia lost 8100 in killed and wounded to Japan’s 3670. The total cost of war is figured at $2,000,000,000, of which Russia spent $1,200,000,000, borrowing $870,000,000, and Japan spent $800,000,000, borrowing $650,000,000. BIBLIOGRAPHY. George Kennan’s articles in “The Outlook” are superior. Of the books which have been issued, the best are “With Kuroki in Manchuria,” by Frederick Palmer, and “From Tōkyō through Manchuria with the Japanese,” by Major Louis L. Seaman. A very thorough, scholarly, and quite impartial presentation of the causes and issues of the war is found in “The Russo-Japanese Conflict” (Asakawa), from which one can understand completely the situation in the Far East. “The White Peril in the Far East” (Gulick) is also valuable in this connection; and “The Awakening of Japan” (Okakura) throws light on Japan’s aims and ideals. “As the Hague Ordains” (Miss Scidmore) throws a great deal of light upon the ideas of many of the chief actors in the bloody drama. “Human Bullets” (Sakurai) relates most simply but vividly the experiences of a Japanese officer, especially at the terrible siege of Port Arthur. “The Tragedy of Russia” (McCormick) is most valuable. GREATER JAPAN [Illustration: H. I. M. THE EMPEROR] The Treaty of Portsmouth, which closed the Russo-Japanese War, made Japan one of the great powers of the world; therefore, this chapter is entitled “Greater Japan.” This is not so much because Japan became larger, although she added half of Sakhalin, obtained Russia’s lease of part of Manchuria, and has annexed Korea, but it is because she has become truly greater in many senses of the word. This will appear more evident as one reads carefully the following record of the principal events of the past seven years (1905-1912).