There are four glumes in the spikelet. The _first glume_ is hyaline, suborbicular, rounded at the tip and nerveless, 1/30 inch or less. The _second glume_ is membranous, lanceolate, smooth or setosely scabrid on the sides, 9- to 11-nerved, with a long scabrid awn which is sometimes as long as the body of the glume. The _third glume_ is shorter than the second, finely acuminate, or awned, 7-nerved, membranous, paleate and with three _stamens_ and two _lodicules_; the _palea_ is shorter than the glume, linear-oblong, subacute. The _fourth glume_ is ovate-lanceolate, nerveless, acute, paleate with three _stamens_, _ovary_ and two _lodicules_; _palea_ is hyaline, narrow, quarter the length of the third glume. Grain is obovate oblong. [Illustration: Fig. 104.--Chamaeraphis spinescens. 1. Terminal portion of a spike showing the bristle; 2, 3, 4 and 6. the first, second, third and the fourth glume, respectively; 5. palea of third glume with its anthers and lodicules; 7. palea of the fourth glume; 8. ovary; 9. lodicules.] _Distribution._--This plant is found at the edges in ponds, tanks and marshes all over the Presidency. 6. Spinifex, _L._ This is a stout, rigid, much branched, gregarious and dioecious grass, flourishing in sand on the sea coast. Leaves are long, narrow rigid, involute, spreading and recurved and thickly coriaceous. Male spikelets are 1- to 2-flowered, subsessile, distichous, jointed on rigid peduncled spikes, which are collected in umbels and surrounded by spathaceous leafy bracts. The spikelets have four glumes. The first two glumes are empty. The third and the fourth paleate and triandrous and sometimes the former is empty. Female spikelets are collected in large globose heads of stellately spreading very long rigid rod-like processes surrounded by shorter subulate bracts. Each spikelet is solitary, and articulate at the very base of a rachis, lanceolate, 1-flowered. There are four glumes. The first three glumes are as in the male spikelets, but larger. The third is paleate, empty. The fourth glume has a female flower. The lodicules are large and nerved. Styles are long, free, with short, feathery stigmas. Grain free within the hardened glumes. =Spinifex squarrosus, _L._= A perennial littoral dioecious grass forming bushes. Stems are glaucous, smooth, solid, woody, thick below, freely branching, 5 to 10 feet long or more. The _leaf-sheath_ is smooth, imbricating, 1/2 to 1-1/2 inches long. The _ligule_ is a row of stiff long hairs. The _leaf-blade_ is narrow, rigid, thickly coriaceous, concavo-convex tapering from the base to the tip, spreading and recurved, 4 to 6 inches long. The _male inflorescence_ consists of several spikes, 1 to 3 inches long, forming umbels, with membranous leafy spathaceous bracts which are shorter than the spikes. The _spikelets_ are usually 2-flowered, smooth, articulate on short peduncles, distichous, 1/3 to 1/2 inch long.