Order 6. =Bulgariaceæ.= Apothecia gelatinous under moist conditions, and horny when dried.--_Calloria fusarioides_; the red apothecia break out in the spring on the dried stalks of _Urtica dioica_; a gelatinous reproductive form of the Fungus is found before the apothecia, which consists of oidia (formerly described as “_Dacryomyces urticæ_”).--_Bulgaria inquinans_ on the living or fallen trucks of Oaks and Beeches. [Illustration: FIG. 126.--_Botrytis cinerea_: _a_ slightly magnified; _b_ more highly magnified; _c_ germinating conidium.] [Illustration: FIG. 127.--_Sclerotinia fuckeliania_: _a_ sclerotium with conidiophores; _b_ with apothecia; _c_ section through sclerotium and apothecium; _d_ ascus with eight ascospores. (× 390.)] Sub-Family 5. =Pezizales.= _The apothecia are developed on the surface of the substratum and are waxy or fleshy_; at the commencement closed, and covered with a saucer- or cup-shaped, seldom flat, hymenium. The _hypothecium_ is generally well developed. This sub-family is the richest in species of the Discomycetes and contains forms of very different habit. They grow upon dead wood, upon the ground, and upon dung. A few are parasites. Order 1. =Helotiaceæ.= Apothecia with waxy envelope of colourless, or yellowish prosenchymatous cells.--~_Chlorosplenium æruginosum_ is found on decaying wood (particularly Oak and Birch), to which it gives a green colour. _Sclerotinia_ has sclerotia which are developed upon the host-plant and from which, after a period of rest, the long, brown-stalked apothecia arise. _S. ciborioides_ (_S. trifoliorum_, Fig. 128) is parasitic on Clover; _S. sclerotiorum_, on _Daucus_-roots, _Phaseolus_, etc.; _S. baccarum_, on the berries of _Vaccinium myrtillus_; “_Botrytis cinerea_” is a common parasite and is probably the conidial form of _S. fuckeliania_ (Fig. 127).--_Helotium herbarum_ lives on dry plant stems.--_Dasyscypha willkommii_ (Fig. 129) produces Larch-canker on the bark of the Larch.~ [Illustration: FIG. 128.--_Sclerotinia ciborioides_: _a_ sclerotium with three apothecia slightly magnified; _b_ ascus with eight ascospores; _c_ germinating ascospore.] [Illustration: FIG. 129.--_Dasyscypha willkommii_: _a_ portion of bark of _Larix decidua_ with sessile, cup-shaped apothecia (nat. size); _b_ two paraphyses on either side of an ascus with eight ascospores.] Order 2. =Mollisiaceæ.= _Mollisia cinerea_, principally on decaying wood. Order 3. =Pezizaceæ.= This order contains the largest and morphologically the highest forms of the _Discomycetes_. Apothecia fleshy, and in the later conditions generally saucer-shaped. _Peziza_, with sessile apothecia, growing on the ground; _P. cochleata_ is brown, and coiled like a snail-shell; _P. coccinea_ is scarlet; _P. aurantia_ occurs as an orange-coloured expansion on the ground.