_Endophyllum_ (see above, under teleutospores, p. 147) on species of _Sempervivum_. _Gymnosporangium_ (Figs. 152, 154) has bicellular teleutospores collected in large, gelatinous masses formed by the swelling of the long spore-stalks; in each cell 2–4 germ-pores are found. Uredospores are wanting. All the species are heterœcious; the teleutospores appear on _Juniperus_, the æcidia (_Rœstelia_) on the Pomaceæ. _G. sabinæ_, on _Juniperus sabina_, _J. virginiana_, etc., has the æcidia (“_Rœstelia cancellata_”) on _Pyrus communis_ (Figs. 152, 148); _G. juniperinum_, on _Juniperus communis_ with “_Rœstelia cornuta_” (Fig. 154 _a_) on _Sorbus aucuparia_, _Aria nivea_ (_S. aria_) and _Malus communis_; _G. clavariæforme_ on _Juniperus communis_, the æcidium belonging to it (“_Rœstelia lacerata_”) on _Cratægus oxyacantha_. _Melampsora_ has prismatic teleutospores placed parallel to each other and forming a crustaceous layer; in many species they are divided longitudinally into several cells (Fig. 151). The æcidia, without peridium, belonged to the old genus _Cæoma_. _M. caprearum_, on Willows, has the æcidia (_Cæoma euonymi_) on _Euonymus_. _M. hartigii_, on Osiers; the æcidium on _Ribes_. _M. mixta_, on _Salix repens_ and Orchids. _M. pinitorqua_, on leaves of the Aspen, æcidia on Pine branches (Pine shoot fungus); _M. populina_ on _Populus monilifera_ and _nigra_; _M. betulina_ (Fig. 153), on Birch leaves; _M. padi_ (Fig. 151), on leaves of _Prunus padus_, developes teleutospores in the epidermal cells; _M. lini_ is the cause of injury to the Flax; _M. agrimoniæ_. [Illustration: FIG. 150.--_Phragmidium gracile_: _a_ an uredospore; _b_ and _c_ two paraphyses; _d_ a young teleutospore; _e_ a teleutospore with a basidium and two basidiospores (_s_); _f_ two series of æcidiospores (_Ph. rosæ_).] _Calyptospora gœppertiana_; teleutospores on _Vaccinium vitis idæa_; spermogonia and æcidia on _Abies alba_ (Firneedle-Rust). _Coleosporium_ (Fig. 155) forms its uredospores in reddish-yellow chains; for the teleutospores, see page 147. _C. senecionis_, on the Groundsel; its æcidium (_Peridermium wolffii_) on Pine-leaves (Fig. 155 a). Other species on _Sonchus_, _Petasites_, _Campanula_, _Rhinanthaceæ_. _Chrysomyxa_ (Fig. 156) has bright red, branched teleutospore-chains; each spore developes a 4-celled basidium. _C. ledi_, on _Ledum palustre_; its æcidia on the leaves of the Fir. _C. abietis_ (Fig. 156), without uredo-and æcidiospores; teleutospores on the leaves of the Fir. In the first summer, yellow bands are formed on the leaves, and in the following spring the red cushions of spores. [Illustration: FIG. 151.--_Melampsora padi_: _a_ and _b_ uredospores; _c-f_ teleutospores, seen from different sides.]