GENERA: _Thelephora_. The fruit-bodies in this genus are brown, very irregularly shaped, and often lobed. The spores too are brown, but in the other genera colourless. The species are found growing on barren soil. _T. laciniata_ (Fig. 165) has imbricate, semicircular, dark-brown pileus, which is jagged at the edge and upper surface. The fruit-bodies are very often raised above the ground, and although this species is not a parasite, yet it destroys young seedlings by growing above and smothering them.--_Stereum_ has a stiffer fruit-body, with a distinct, fibrous, intermediate layer. It grows on bark and wood, projecting like a series of imbricate brackets. _S. hirsutum_ is yellow; its free edge is provided with a number of stiff hairs, the upper surface being divided into a number of zones. _S. purpureum_ has a red-violet hymenium which distinguishes it from the previous species.--_Cyphella_ has a membranous cup- or bell-shaped fruit-body, often borne on a stalk, the concave surface being covered with the hymenium. They are small, white Fungi, growing on Moss and dead stems.--_Solenia_ is closely related to _Cyphella_; its fruit-bodies are smaller and hairy; they are found clustered together forming a crust-like covering on dead wood.--_Craterellus_ has a large, funnel-shaped fruit-body, the hymenium covering the external surface. _C. cornucopioides_ is shaped like a trumpet or a “horn of plenty.” It is dark-grey, several inches in height, and grows gregariously on the ground in forests. It is distinguished by the basidia bearing only two sterigmata. [Illustration: FIG. 165.--_Thelephora laciniata_ (nat. size).] Order 4. =Hydnaceæ.= The fruit-body is most frequently fleshy, and varies considerably in shape, the simplest forms being resupinate,[14] the higher ones umbrella-like. The _hymenophore_ is found on the free or downward-turned surface, and always takes the _form of soft emergences_ hanging vertically downwards. The emergencies may be thorn-, awl-, or wart-like. The species are found growing on the soil and on dead wood. GENERA: _Hydnum_ has subulate, distinct emergences. _H. repandum_ is yellow, the stalk being placed in the centre of the pileus. It is an edible species, and often forms “fairy rings” in woods. _H. auriscalpium_ (Fig. 166) is dark-brown, with stalk placed at the edge of the pileus. It grows on old Fir-cones. _H. erinaceus_ grows on old tree-trunks. The fruit-body is yellow and very large--as big as a human head--with emergences as much as an inch in length.--_Irpex_ has a leathery fruit-body, partly resupinate, partly with free, projecting edge; the under side bears tooth-like emergences which are arranged in rows, and _Irpex_ thus forms a transition to the Agaricaceæ.--_Phlebia_ is entirely resupinate, with radially-arranged folds on the free side, and pectinate border.