4. =Hygrophorei.= Lamellæ thick and waxy, widely separated; spores white. Many species of _Hygrophorus_ have brightly-coloured pileus and grow among the grass on moors and commons.--_Nyctalis_ is parasitic on larger Toadstools. It is remarkable for its abundant formation of chlamydospores, whilst the basidiospores are little developed. 5. =Coprinei.= Fruit-bodies very soft, quickly perishable; lamellæ membranous and deliquescent. The basidia are separated from each other by paraphyses. _Coprinus_ has coal-black spores, grows on manure, and sometimes developes sclerotia. 6. =Paxillei.= Fruit-body fleshy; lamellæ easily detached from the pileus and reticulately-joined near the stalk. They form a connecting link between the Agaricaceæ and _Boletus_. 7. =Cantharellei.= Lamellæ reduced to dichotomously-divided folds, decurrent on the stalk. _Cantharellus cibarius_ (Fig. 175) is yolk-yellow, and grows on the ground in woods (edible). It is allied to _Craterellus_. Family 3. =Phalloideæ.= The fruit-bodies before they are ripe are spherical or ovoid, and enclosed by a _fleshy covering_, the peridium, which is _perforated at maturity_ and remains as a sheath (Fig. 179); the fruit-bodies are _hemiangiocarpic_. Order 1. =Phallaceæ= (=Stink-horns=). The peridium has a complicated structure and is composed of three layers, the intermediate one being thick and gelatinous. The gleba (the tissue which bears the hymenium) is situated upon a peculiar receptacle which expands into a porous stalk and by its sudden distension, rupturing the peridium, elevates the gleba and hymenium above the peridium, which remains as a sheath. _The gleba becomes gelatinous and dissolves away as drops._ To this order belong many peculiar and often brightly coloured forms, which are natives of the Southern Hemisphere.