=3.= NEOTTIEÆ. The majority are terrestrial Orchids with creeping, sympodial rhizomes; the blades of the leaves are not detached from the stem at joints, and have convolute vernation. The anthers do not drop off, but persist in the withered condition; their _apex_ is brought in contact with the rostellum (acrotonous Orchids). The pollen-grains are united in _tetrads_, which, however, often hang loosely together in pollinia, attached to a sticky part of the rostellum (“adhesive disc”), so that they adhere to the insects, and are by them transferred to the stigmas. _Spiranthes. Listera_; _Neottia_. ~_N. nidus-avis_ (Bird’s-nest) is brown (it has little chlorophyll) in colour, has no foliage-leaves, and lives mainly as a saprophyte; the rhizome is studded with unbranched, fleshy roots which may form buds at their extremities.~--_Vanilla_ climbs by aerial roots. The fruit is fleshy and hardly opens, or does so irregularly.--_Epipactis_, _Cephalanthera_.--_Epipogon_ and _Limodorum_ are saprophytes without chlorophyll. [Illustration: FIG. 320.--A Flower of _Orchis maculata_ (front view): a stamen; _b_ the cup; _n_ the stigmas; _x_ staminodes; _sp_ the spur; _spe_ the entrance to it; _sm_-_sl_-_sl_ exterior perianth-leaves; _pm_ the labellum, and _pl_-_pl_ the other 2 interior perianth-leaves. _B-E Orchis mascula_: _B_ lateral view of the column; _C_ a pollinium with massulæ (_p_), caudicle (_c_) and adhesive disc (_d_); _D_ caudicles with the cup (_r_), front view; the latter is depressed so that the adhesive disc is seen lying inside it; _E_ a pollinium, more highly magnified; some massulæ are removed. _F Ophrys aranifera_: rostellum and the base of the anther-loculus; an adhesive disc is seen on the right.] =4.= OPHRYDEÆ. Anthers 2-locular, not falling off, on a very short column. The anther is united at _its base_ with the rostellum (_basitonous_ Orchids, Fig. 320 _A_, _B_), while in all other Orchids it is connected at the apex (acrotonous Orchids). The pollen-grains in each loculus are united into small “masses” (massulæ), each of which corresponds to a pollen-mother-cell in the anther, and which hang together by elastic threads (Fig. 320 _C_, _E_). Each pollinium is attached at the base by a stalk (caudicle) to an adhesive disc, formed by the modified stigma (rostellum), and is easily liberated from it (Fig. 320 _C_, _D_, _F_). The pollinium, which is formed in an anther-loculus, together with its caudicle and adhesive disc, is termed “pollinarium” (Fig. 320 _C_).--All Ophrydeæ are terrestrial with _tuberous roots_, two of which are present in the flowering period, an older one (from the preceding year) containing the nourishment for the flowering-shoot of the year, and a young one which is intended to contain the reserve material for the following year. Inflorescence terminal.