and others from the Eastern Mediterranean, are used under the name of “Valloons.” The Cork-oak (_Q. suber_; S.W. Europe) is the most important tree from which cork is obtained, its bark being very largely developed and stripped for cork. Gall-nuts are found on many species; those of _Q. lusitanica_, var. _infectoria_ (Eastern Mediterranean) are officinal, and likewise the fruits (acorns) and the bark of _Quercus pedunculata_ and _sessiliflora_. Oil is obtained from the Beech “mast.” The nuts of the Chestnut tree are edible. Family 4. =Juglandifloræ.= This family resembles the Quercifloræ in the catkin-like inflorescences, the imperfect, _unisexual_ flowers, the epigynous perianth and the woody shoots with scattered leaves, etc., though it is in other respects very dissimilar; one point of difference is the presence of _aromatic_ compounds, but a more important divergence is found in the structure of the gynœceum, which is formed of two carpels with _one loculus_ and has one _basal_, _orthotropous and erect_ ovule, which, as in the Quercifloræ, does not become developed until after pollination; the fruit too is very different, being generally a _drupe_. _Endosperm absent._ [Illustration: FIG. 337.--_Juglans regia_: _A_ ♂-flower seen from below with bract (cover-scale) (_b_), bracteoles (α and β), perianth-leaves (_p_); _B_ the same from the front; _C_ lateral view of the same; _D_ diagram of _A_; _E_ ♀-flower with bract, the bracteoles are united with the ovary, their edge being visible as an indented line below the perianth; _F_ 2 ♀-flowers at the end of a foliage-shoot; _G_ fruit (without the fleshy covering) in longitudinal section; _H_ transverse section of the same.]