40 species; Temperate.--_Myrica gale_ (Sweet-gale, Bog-myrtle) has been used in the preparation of beer (Sweet-willow beer) on account of its resinous essential oil. _M. cerifera_ (N. America) and species from the Cape, _M. quercifolia_ and others, form wax on the fruit which is used in the preparation of candles. Family 5. =Urticifloræ.= The flowers are regular, _hypogynous_, nearly always unisexual, _small_ and insignificant, with _single_, green perianth of 4–5 leaves. Stamens 4–5, _placed opposite_ the leaves of the perianth. Ovary formed of 1 or 2 carpels, most frequently _unilocular_, with one ovule (Fig. 340). The fruit is a _nut_, more rarely a drupe, with one seed, _generally endospermous_. ~The Nettles are the sole order in the family which has only one carpel (1 stigma); this turns the posterior side to the front (Fig. 340). The others have two carpels (2 stigmas) but the anterior only is fertile (Fig. 346) except in a few Ulmaceæ and Moraceæ.~ The majority are trees or shrubs with petiolated leaves, _stipulate_; _rough hairs_ are very frequently developed upon the leaves. The flowers are very often crowded together in the inflorescence, which is rarely catkin-like. Peculiar aggregations of fruits are found in some orders. _Latex_ and tough _bast_, which is used technically, are also frequently found. Cystoliths are found in the epidermis of many species of _Ficus_, _Urtica_, and others. ~_Wind-_ or _self-pollination_ is most common, as in the Quercifloræ and Juglandifloræ.~ In ~the Urticaceæ, _Morus_ and some others, the stamens lie incurved in the bud, and when ripe straighten themselves suddenly and elastically, and thus small clouds of pollen-grains are ejected with considerable violence on to the stigmas, which are often provided with brush-like hairs (Fig. 341). The formation of honey does not take place.~ Order 1. =Ulmaceæ= (=Elms=).--Trees or shrubs without latex. Leaves simple, arranged in two rows (divergence 1/2), oblique (the inner side, nearer the axis, being the larger), strongly penninerved, dentate, hispid; stipules deciduous. In opposition to the other Nettle-like plants the flowers are often ☿ with a united cup- or saucer-like, generally 4–(5)–6-divided perianth, and a corresponding or larger number of opposite _erect_ stamens. The gynœceum has two carpels (2 stigmas), generally one loculus with one pendulous, anatropous or amphitropous ovule,[35] seldom two loculi and 2 ovules. Fruit one-seeded (nut or drupe). Embryo without endosperm.