Ceóse, _I choose_; ceâs, _I chose_; curon, _we chose_; gecoren, _chosen_. Forleóse, _I lose_; forleás, _I lost_; forluron, _we lost_; forloren, _lost_. Hreose, _I rush_; hreás, _I rushed_; hruron, _we rushed_; gehroren, _rushed_. This accounts for the participial form _forlorn_, or _lost_, in New High German _verloren_. In Milton's lines, ---- the piercing air Burns _frore_, and cold performs the effect of fire, _Paradise Lost_, b. ii., we have a form from the Anglo-Saxon participle _gefroren_ = _frozen_. § 350. B. The _participle_ in -D, -T, or -ED.--In the Anglo-Saxon this participle was declined like the adjective. Like the adjective, it is, in the present English, undeclined. In Anglo-Saxon it differed in form from the præterite, inasmuch as it ended in -ed, or -t, whereas the præterite ended in -ode, -de, or -te: as, _lufode_, _bærnde_, _dypte_, præterites; _gelufod_, _bærned_, _dypt_, participles. As the ejection of the e (in one case final in the other not) reduces words like _bærned_ and _bærnde_ to the same form, it is easy to account for the present identity of form between the weak præterites and the participles in -d: e.g., _I moved_, _I have moved_, &c. § 351. _The prefix_ Y.--In the older writers, and in works written, like Thomson's "Castle of Indolence," in imitation of them, we find prefixed to the præterite participle the letter y-, as, _yclept_ = _called_: _yclad_ = _clothed_: _ydrad_ = _dreaded_. The following are the chief facts and the current opinion concerning this prefix:-- 1. It has grown out of the fuller forms ge-: Anglo-Saxon, ge-: Old Saxon, gi-: Mœso-Gothic, ga-: Old High German, ka-, cha-, ga-, ki-, gi-. 2. It occurs in each and all of the Germanic languages of the Gothic stock. 3. It occurs, with a few fragmentary exceptions, in none of the Scandinavian languages of the Gothic stock. 4. In Anglo-Saxon it occasionally indicates a difference of sense; as, _hâten_ = _called_, _ge-hâten_ = _promised_; _boren_ = _borne_, _ge-boren_ = _born_. 5. It occurs in nouns as well as verbs. 6. Its power, in the case of nouns, is generally some idea of _association_, or _collection_.--Mœso-Gothic, _sinþs_ = _a journey_, _ga-sinþa_ = _a companion_; Old High German, _perc_ = _hill_; _ki-perki_ (_gebirge_) = _a range of hills_. 7. But it has also a _frequentative_ power; a frequentative power, which is, in all probability, secondary to its collective power; since things which recur frequently recur with a tendency to collection or association; Middle High German, _ge-rassel_ = _rustling_; _ge-rumpel_ = _c-rumple_. 8. And it has also the power of expressing the possession of a quality. _Anglo-Saxon._ _English._ _Anglo-Saxon._ _Latin._