THOMAS BAILEY ALDRICH. (1836-1907.) _The Bells. A Collection of Chimes_, New York, 1855; _Daisy's Necklace and What Came of It. A Literary Episode_ [Prose], New York, 1857; _The Course of True Love Never Did Run Smooth_, New York, 1858; _The Ballad of Babie Bell, and Other Poems_, New York, 1859; _Pampinea, and Other Poems_, New York, 1861; _Poems_. With Portrait, New York, 1863; _The Poems of Thomas Bailey Aldrich_. Boston, 1865; _Cloth of Gold, and Other Poems_, 1874; _Flower and Thorn. Later Poems_, 1877; _Friar Jerome's Beautiful Book, and Other Poems_, 1881; _XXXVI Lyrics and XII Sonnets_, 1881; _The Poems of Thomas Bailey Aldrich_. Illustrated by the Paint and Clay Club, 1882; _Mercedes, and Later Lyrics_, 1884; _The Poems of Thomas Bailey Aldrich_. Household Edition, 1885; _Wyndham Towers_, 1890; _The Sisters' Tragedy, with Other Poems, Lyrical and Dramatic_, 1891; _Mercedes. A Drama in Two Acts, as Performed at Palmer's Theatre_, 1894; _Unguarded Gates, and Other Poems_, 1895; _Later Lyrics_, 1896; _Judith and Holofernes, a Poem_, 1896; _The Works of Thomas Bailey Aldrich_, Riverside Edition, 1896; _The Poems of Thomas Bailey Aldrich_. Revised and Complete Household Edition, 1897; _A Book of Songs and Sonnets Selected from the Poems of Thomas Bailey Aldrich_, 1906; _The Life of Thomas Bailey Aldrich_, by Ferris Greenslet, 1908. CHAPTER VIII RISE OF THE NATURE WRITERS One phase of the new discovery of America following the Civil War--return to reality, insistence upon things as they are--expressed itself in nature study. While the new local color school was ransacking the odd corners of the land for curious types of humanity, these writers were calling attention to the hitherto unnoticed phenomena of fields and meadows and woodlands. Handbooks of birds and trees, nature guides and charts of all varieties were multiplied. Nature study became an art, and it ranged all the way from a fad for dilettantes to a solemn exercise in the public school curriculum. I The creator and inspirer and greatest figure of this school of nature writers was Henry David Thoreau. In point of time he was of the mid-century school that gathered about Emerson. He was born in 1817, two years earlier than Lowell, and he died in 1862, the first to break the earlier group, yet in spirit and influence and indeed in everything that makes for the final fixing of an author's place in the literary history of his land, he belongs to the period after 1870.