MARK TWAIN. (1835-1910.) _The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches_, 1867; _The Innocents Abroad_, 1869; _Roughing It_, 1872; _The Gilded Age_ (with C. D. Warner), 1873; _Old Times on the Mississippi_ (_Atlantic Monthly_), 1875; _Tom Sawyer_, 1876; _Life on the Mississippi_, in book form, 1882; _Huckleberry Finn_, 1884; _A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court_, 1889; _Pudd'nhead Wilson_, 1894; _Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc_, 1896; _Following the Equator_, 1897; _Christian Science_, 1907; Writings of Mark Twain, 25 vols., 1910; _My Mark Twain_, by W. D. Howells, 1911; _Mark Twain, a Biography_, by Albert Bigelow Paine, 1912. CHAPTER IV BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_. To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties. It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.