Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus dedicated 507 Scipio—tomb at Literium 184 Augustus—temples at Rome 31 Marcellus—theatre at Rome—died 23 Agrippa—portico of Pantheon—died 13 Nero—burning and rebuilding of Rome—died A.D. 68 Vespasian—Flavian amphitheatre built 70 Titus—arch in Forum 79 Destruction of Pompeii 79 Trajan—Ulpian Basilica and Pillar of Victory 98 Hadrian builds temple at Rome, Temple of Jupiter Olympius 117 at Athens, &c. Septimius Severus—arch at Rome 194 Caracalla—baths 211 Diocletian—palace at Spalato 284 Maxentius—Basilica at Rome 306 Constantine—transfer of Empire to Constantinople 328 The earliest inhabitants of Rome were an Aryan or, as they used to be called, Indo-Germanic race, who established themselves in a country previously occupied by Pelasgians. Their principal neighbour on one side was Etruria, a Pelasgian nation. On the other hand was Magna Græcia, which had been colonised in very early ages by Hellenic settlers of kindred origin. It was therefore impossible that the architecture of the Romans should not be in fact a mixture of the styles of these two people. As a transition order, it was only a mechanical juxtaposition of both styles, the real fusion taking place many long centuries afterwards. Throughout the Roman period the two styles remain distinct, and there is no great difficulty in referring almost every feature in Roman architecture to its origin. From the Greeks were borrowed the rectangular peristylar temple, with its columns and horizontal architraves, though they seldom if ever used it in its perfect purity, the cella of the Greek temples not being sufficiently large for their purposes. The principal Etruscan temples, as we have already shown, were square in plan, and the inner half occupied by one or more cells, to the sides and back of which the portico never extended. The Roman rectangular temple is a mixture of these two: it is generally, like the Greek examples, longer than its breadth, but the colonnade never seems to have entirely surrounded the building. Sometimes it extends to the two sides as well as the front, but more generally the cella occupies the whole of the inner part though frequently ornamented by a false peristyle of three-quarter columns attached to its walls.