[Footnote 30: Indeed during the Neo-Babylonian period it appears to have been known as "the City of the Dwelling" of "the King of Babylon;" see further, p. 41.] [Footnote 31: Cf. "East India House Inscription," Col. VII., 1. 40, Rawlinson, "Cun. Inscr. West. Asia," Vol. 1., pl. 57, and Langdon, "Die neubabylonischen Königsinschriften," p. 13 (5 f.).] [Footnote 32: See below, pp. 71 ff. Traces of a very ancient settlement, with much pottery (still unpublished), have been found by deep trenching in the fillings below the south-east corner of the citadel; cf. Koldewey, "Babylon," p. 82. Some flints and stone-implements found elsewhere are also evidence of a still earlier prehistoric settlement.] [Footnote 33: See above, p. 23, Fig. 3, J.] [Footnote 34: See further, pp. 82 ff.] [Footnote 35: See Fig. 3, C.] [Footnote 36: Fig. 3, R.] [Footnote 37: See below, p. 30, Fig. 6, where the space between the crude brick walls is labelled K K. The walls are distinguished, by cross-hatching, from the structure of the palace which is of burnt-brick. When the Ishtar Gate (H) was built by Nebuchadnezzar, the northern of the two walls received a facing on both sides of brick-rubble laid in mud and bitumen, indicated by a heavy surrounding line upon the plan; but originally this wall too was of crude brick.] [Footnote 38: Fig. 6, V; and see further, p. 58, n. 1.] [Footnote 39: The present crude brick walls of the Ḳaṣr fortifications date from his reign or from that of his father.] [Footnote 40: The meaning of _nimitti_ is not quite certain.] [Footnote 41: In 648 B.C.; see further, Chap. VIII.] [Footnote 42: Figs. 7 and 8, A and 1-3. Fig. 7 gives the ground-plan of this corner of the citadel. In Fig. 8 the quay walls and fortification-walls are given in section along the north front, looking from W. to E. In Fig. 8 the quay-wall "2" cannot be shown, as it is practically a westward extension of "I."] [Footnote 43: A.] [Footnote 44: It was built by Sargon within the last five years of his reign, when, after his signal defeat of Alerodach-baladan in 710 B.C., he ruled Babylonia as an Assyrian province. He did not ascend the throne, but contented himself with the title "Governor (_shakkanuku_) of Babylon," though he claimed the older title of "King of Sumer and Akkad." See further, Chap. VIII.] [Footnote 45: Cf. Delitzsch's translation in Koldewey, "Babylon," p. 139; Engl. ed. p. 138. Elsewhere in the building-inscriptions the Ishtar Gate is named as belonging to Imgur-Bêl and Nimitti-Bêl.] [Footnote 46: E and F in Figs. 7 and 8. In Fig. 7 it will be seen that there are remains of a building (I) at the western end of the two walls, between them and the quay-wall B. This may have been the quarters occupied by the Captain of the Wall.] [Footnote 47: Nos. 1-3 in Fig. 7.] [Footnote 48: On the meaning of the name, see below, p. 36.] [Footnote 49: E and F in Figs. 7 and 8.] [Footnote 50: See above, p. 23, Fig. 3, Z; cf. also, p. 24, n. 1.]