A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and ArtWright, Thomas
History
A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and Art
Wright, Thomas
Caricature -- History
Such is, in mere outline, the story of Brother Rush, which was
gradually enlarged by the addition of new incidents. But the people
wanted a hero who presented more of the character of reality, who,
in fact, might be recognised as one of themselves; and such heroes
appear to have existed at all times. They usually represented a
class in society, and especially that class which consisted of idle
sharpers, who lived by their wits, and which was more numerous and more
familiarly known in the middle ages than at the present day. Folly
and cunning combined presented a never-failing subject of mirth. This
class of adventurers first came into print in Germany, and it is there
that we find its first popular hero, to whom they gave the name of
Eulenspiegel, which means literally "the owl's mirror," and has been
since used in German in the sense of a merry fool. Tyll Eulenspiegel,
and his story, are supposed to have belonged to the fourteenth century,
though we first know them in the printed book of the commencement of
the sixteenth, which is believed to have come from the pen of the
well-known popular writer, Thomas Murner, of whom I shall have to speak
more at length in another chapter. The popularity of this work was very
great, and it was quickly translated into French, English, Latin, and
almost every other language of Western Europe. In the English version
the name also was translated, and appears under the form of Owleglass,
or, as it often occurs with the superfluous aspirate, Howleglass.[74]
According to the story, Tyll Eulenspiegel was the son of a peasant, and
was born at a village called Kneitlingen, in the land of Brunswick.
The story of his birth may be given in the words of the early English
version, as a specimen of its quaint and antiquated language:--
"Yn the lande of Sassen, in the vyllage of Ruelnige, there
dwelleth a man that was named Nicholas Howleglas, that had a wife
named Wypeke, that lay a childbed in the same wyllage, and that
chylde was borne to christening; and named Tyell Howleglass. And
than the chyld was brought into a taverne, where the father was
wyth his gosseppes and made good chere. Whan the mydwife had wel
dronke, she toke the childe to bere it home, and in the wai was a
litle bridg over a muddy water. And as the mydwife would have gone
over the lytle brydge, she fel into the mudde with the chylde,
for she had a lytel dronk to much wyne, for had not helpe come
quickly, the had both be drowned in the mudde. And whan she came
home with the childe, the made a kettle of warm water to be made
redi, and therin they washed the child clen of the mudde. And
thus was Howleglas thre tymes in one dai cristened, once at the
churche, once in the mudde, and once in the warm water."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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