A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and ArtWright, Thomas
History
A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and Art
Wright, Thomas
Caricature -- History
The Gobbi, or hunchbacks, form a set of twenty-one
engravings; and the set of the Gipsies, already alluded to, which was
also executed at Nancy, was included in four plates, the subjects of
which were severally--1, the gipsies travelling; 2, the avant-guard;
3, the halt; and 4, the preparations for the feast. Nothing could be
more truthful, and at the same time more comic, than this last set of
subjects. We give, as an example of the set of the Baroni, or beggars,
Callot's figure of one of that particular class--for beggars and rogues
of all kinds were classified in those days--whose part it was to
appeal to charity by wounds and sores artificially represented. In the
English slang of the seventeenth century, these artificial sores were
called _clymes_, and a curious account of the manner in which they were
made will be found in that singular picture of the vicious classes of
society in this country at that period, the "English Rogue," by Head
and Kirkman. The false cripple in our cut is holding up his leg to make
a display of his pretended infirmity.
[92] Meaume appears to be doubtful of the meaning of this word; a
friend has pointed out to me the correction. It was the title
of a song, so called because the burden was an imitation of the
crowing of a cock, the singer mimicking also the action of the
bird. When Bacchus, in Redi's "Bacco in Toscana," is beginning
to feel the exhilarating effects of his critical investigation
of the Tuscan wines, he calls upon Ariadne to sing to him "sulla
mandola la Cucurucù," "on the mandola the Cucurucu." A note
fully explains the word as we have stated it--"Canzone cosi
detta, perchè in esse si replica molte volte la voce del gallo; e
cantandola si fanno atti e moti simili a quegli di esso gallo."
[Illustration: _No. 165. Smaraolo Cornuto.--Ratsa di Boio._]
[Illustration: _No. 166. A Caprice._]
[Illustration: _No. 167. The False Cripple._]
Callot remained at Nancy, with merely temporary absences, during the
remainder of his life. In 1628, he was employed at Brussels in drawing
and engraving the "Siege of Breda," one of the most finished of his
works, and he there made the personal acquaintance of Vandyck. Early
in 1629, he was called to Paris to execute engravings of the siege of
La Rochelle, and of the defence of the Isle of Rhé, but he returned to
Nancy in 1630. Three years afterwards his native country was invaded
by the armies of Louis XIII., and Nancy surrendered to the French on
the 25th of September, 1633. Callot was required to make engravings
to celebrate the fall of his native town; but, although he is said
to have been threatened with violence, he refused; and afterwards he
commemorated the evils brought upon his country by the French invasion
in those two immortal sets of prints, the lesser and greater "Misères
de la Guerre." About two years after this, Callot died, in the prime of
life, on the 24th of March, 1635.
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