12. Spanish emigration to America. [Bourne, chap. 16; Moses, Spanish rule.] 13. Restrictions on intercolonial trade. [Bourne, p. 289 ff.; Moses; Roscher.] 14. History of smuggling in the Spanish colonies. [Bourne, chap. 19; Roscher; manuals of English history in connection with the treaty of 1713 and the “War of Jenkins’ Ear,” 1739.] 15. Write a brief report on the characteristics and history as a ware of commerce of one of the following: cochineal, cocoa, vanilla, cinchona, or quinine. [Encyc.; Willis, Practical flora; manuals and encyclopedias of commerce.] 16. Assuming that most of the manufactures in the list of exports from Spain were furnished by other countries, what do you infer as to the economic hold of Spain on her colonies—was trade with the mother-country a necessity to the dependencies? 17. Write a report on the reform of the colonial system and the light that the results throw on early policy. [Bourne, p. 295 ff.; Roscher.] 18. History of the Portuguese in the East in the sixteenth century. [Stephens, chap. 9; W. W. Hunter, History of British India, vol. 1.] 19. Effects of the sixty years of Spanish rule. [Stephens, chap. 13.] 20. History of the Portuguese in Brazil. [Stephens, chap. 10; Keller in Yale Review, Feb., 1906.] BIBLIOGRAPHY Reference may be made at this point to C. K. Adams, Manual of historical literature, third ed., N. Y., Harper [1888], as a bibliographical aid which is far from answering modern requirements, but which may still be of use to a teacher in handling such collections of books as may be found in a city library. A bibliography of Spanish history in the sixteenth century is appended to Cambridge Mod. Hist., vol. 1, chap. 11, and is continued in later volumes. A bibliography is given also in Martin A. S. Hume, The Spanish people, N. Y., 1901, a book which covers Spanish history from the earliest to present times, and which pays some attention to social history. Of general books on Spanish history, Prescott, Motley, etc., may still be put to good use. Attention should, however, be especially directed to the writings of *H. C. Lea, which contain valuable social and economic, material. A useful paper by Bernard Moses, **The economic condition of Spain in the sixteenth century, has been published both in the Journal of Polit. Econ., Chicago, 1892-3, vol. 1, pp. 513-534, and in Report of Amer. Hist. Assoc., 1893, Washington, 1894, pp. 123-133. The Story of Spain in the Story of the Nations series is of no value for our purposes. On the colonial history and policy of Spain the student has several excellent books: E. G. Bourne, **Spain in America (with bibliography); Häbler, **The colonial kingdom of Spain, in H. Helmolt, Hist. of the World, vol. 1, pp. 386-422, N. Y., Dodd, Mead & Co., 1902; Roscher, ** The Spanish colonial system, N. Y., Holt, 1904, Moses, *The establishment of Spanish rule in America, N. Y., Putnam, 1898.