1. Prepare a chronological table of the wars of the nineteenth century, from a manual of recent history. 2. The English navy during the Napoleonic wars. [Social England, vol. 5, pp. 391-401, 541-544; the sea stories of Captain Marryat.] 3. The Continental System and its effects. [Levi, Hist. Brit. commerce, part 2, chap. 4, reprinted in Rand, Ec. hist., chap. 5; Rose in Kirkpatrick, Lectures on hist. of nineteenth century, Cambridge, 1902, 59-78.] 4. Effect of Napoleon’s commercial measures on British finances. [Audrey Cunningham, British credit in the last Napoleonic war, Cambridge, 1910.] 5. The question of neutral rights. [Schuyler, Amer. diplomacy, chap. 7; Reeves, Two conceptions of the freedom of the seas, in Amer. Hist. Rev., April, 1917, 22: 535-543.] 6. The movement for independence in South America, and its commercial results. [Helmolt, Hist. of the world, vol. 1; History of South America, transl. by Adnah D. Jones, London (N. Y., Macmillan), 1899.] 7. Free navigation of European rivers. [Schuyler, Amer. diplomacy, chap. 6, p. 345 ff.] 8. The Sound Dues. [Same, p. 306 ff.]. 9. Divide your graphic chart of commercial statistics into blocks, to correspond with periods of commercial policy; dates may be chosen as follows, 1800, 1860, 1880, 1900. Be cautious, however, about any conclusions that may suggest themselves. 10. Relative share of different factors in recent commercial progress. [Cf. W. E. Gladstone, Free trade, railways, and the growth of commerce, Nineteenth Century (Magazine), Feb., 1880, 7: 367-378; but do not regard this article as settling a problem still unsolved.] 11. Significance of the “most favored nation” clause in tariff history. [Reciprocity and commercial treaties, 389-416.] 12. Various systems of tariff policy. [Reciprocity and commercial treaties, 461-467.] BIBLIOGRAPHY The best single reference on the commercial conditions and policy of the Napoleonic period is Lingelbach, *Historical investigation and the commercial history of the Napoleonic era, in Amer. Hist. Rev., Jan., 1914, 19: 257-281; this provides a scholarly survey of the whole literature of the subject and can be used as a guide to further study. Of later works should be noted Frank E. Melvin, Napoleon’s navigation system, Univ. of Penn. thesis, 1919, N. Y., Appleton. On commercial policy in general the best reference is Bastable’s ** Commerce of nations, which treats international trade, the theory and the history of commercial policy briefly but with admirable clearness. The history of the commercial policy of particular countries will be covered in following chapters. A survey of modern tariff systems is provided in * Reciprocity and commercial treaties, published by the U. S. Tariff Commission, Washington, 1919; J. W. Root, Tariff and trade, Liverpool, 1898, combines a general discussion of the tariff question with a review of the tariff policy of important commercial countries.