6. English agriculture under the corn laws. [Traill, Soc. England, 6: 75-84, 211-217.] 7. The agitation for repeal of the corn laws. [McCarthy, vol. 1, chap. 14; Morley, Cobden, chap. 6.] 8. The repeal of the corn laws. [McCarthy, vol. 1, chap. 15.] 9. English agriculture after the repeal. [Traill, Soc. England, 6: 404-421, 599-607.] 10. What were the main features of the navigation acts? [See above, sect. 358, or study the main provisions in Rand, Ec. hist., appendix 1.] 11. Conditions at the time when the Acts were repealed. [Lindsay, vol. 3, chap. 6.] 12. Development of the merchant marine. [Traill, Soc. England, 6: 392-404; Ward, Reign, 2: 111-118.] BIBLIOGRAPHY The best single source on the topics of this chapter is Bernard Holland, **The fall of protection, 1840-1850, London, 1913. Of more comprehensive and more elementary books may be mentioned Mongredien, *History of the free-trade movement, and Armitage-Smith, **Free-trade movement, which is well suited to topical assignment. Similar in scope is W. Cunningham, **Free-trade movement, with concluding chapters on recently projected changes. The best account of the corn laws is to be found in Morley’s **Life of Cobden, and George Macaulay Trevelyan’s **Life of John Bright, London, 1913. Graphic pictures of conditions of life under the corn laws are provided by The hungry forties: life under the bread tax, London, 1904; and J. K. Snowden’s Corn law memories, in Contemp. Review, 1905, 88: 64-71. J. S. Nicholson, *History of the English corn laws, London, 1904, is a thoughtful study in brief compass, but is not suited to topical reading. The navigation acts are treated by Holland, and at considerable length in the third volume of Lindsay. The best recent contributions on the subject are in periodical literature: John Rae, **English shipping under protection, in Contemporary Review, 1905, 87: 666-675; J. H. Clapham, ** The last years of the navigation acts, English Hist. Rev., 1910, 25: 480-501, 687-707. CHAPTER XXXVII ENGLAND: COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT, 1850-1914