A history of criticism and literary taste in Europe, from the earliest texts to the present day. Volume 1 (of 3), Classical and mediæval criticismSaintsbury, George
History
A history of criticism and literary taste in Europe, from the earliest texts to the present day. Volume 1 (of 3), Classical and mediæval criticism
Saintsbury, George
Criticism -- History; Literature -- History and criticism; Literature, Medieval
The first canon of sublimity is not unlike the famous _Quod Semper_, &c.
If a thing does not transport _at all_, it is certainly not Sublime. If
its transporting power fails with repetition, with submission to
different but still competent judges, it is not sublime. When men
different in habits, lives, aims, ages, speech, agree about it, then no
mistake is possible.
The sources of Sublimity are next defined as five in number: Command of
strong and manly thought; Vehement and enthusiastic passion—these are
congenital; Skilfulness with Figures; Nobility of phrase; Dignified and
elevated _ordonnance_.[225] These, after a rebuke of some length to
Cæcilius for omitting Passion, he proceeds to discuss seriatim. The
ἁδρεπήβολον, which he now calls “great-naturedness,”[226] holds the
first place in value as in order, and examples of it, and of the failure
to reach it, are given from many writers, Homer and “the Legislator of
the Jews” being specially praised. This laudation leads to one of the
best known and most interesting passages of the whole book, a short
criticism and comparison of the _Iliad_ and the _Odyssey_, whereon, as
on other things in this abstract, more hereafter. The interest certainly
does not sink with the quotation from Sappho, whether we agree or not
(again _vide post_) that the source of its charm is “the selection and
composition of her details.” Other typical passages are then cited and
criticised.
Footnote 225:
This word, which has the stamp of Dryden, is often preferable to
“composition.”
Footnote 226:
τὸ μεγαλοφυές.
We next come to Amplification,—almost the first evidence in the
treatise, and not a fatal one, of the numbing power of “Figures.”
Longinus takes occasion by it for many illuminative animadversions, not
merely on Homer, but on Plato, Herodotus, Demosthenes, and Thucydides,
whom (it is very satisfactory to observe) he includes among those who
have “sublimity.” This handling of Figures, professedly eclectic, is
fertile in such animadversions in regard to others besides
Amplification—Hyperbata, Polyptota, Antimetathesis, and others
still—with especial attention to Periphrasis, to his praise of which the
eighteenth century perhaps attended without due attention to his
cautions.
Then comes another of the flashes of light. Dismissing the figures, he
turns to diction in itself, and has a wonderful passage on it,
culminating in the dictum, “For beautiful words are in deed and in fact
the very light of the spirit,”[227]—the Declaration of Independence and
the “Let there be light” at once of Literary Criticism.
Footnote 227:
φῶς γὰρ τῷ ὄντι ἵδιον τοῦ νοῦ τὰ καλὰ ὁνόματα.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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