A history of criticism and literary taste in Europe, from the earliest texts to the present day. Volume 1 (of 3), Classical and mediæval criticismSaintsbury, George
History
A history of criticism and literary taste in Europe, from the earliest texts to the present day. Volume 1 (of 3), Classical and mediæval criticism
Saintsbury, George
Criticism -- History; Literature -- History and criticism; Literature, Medieval
kind, completing the panegyric by saying, “His usual prolixity is thrown
aside, and he returns to obey the true laws of expression. As a critic
he can write with all Tacitus' terseness and without any of Tacitus'
affectation.” I quote, though—and indeed because—I cannot agree.
One point of great interest, however, in which there may be general
agreement as to Cicero’s achievement, Mr Nettleship [Sidenote: _His
Critical Vocabulary._] did not treat in his Essay, though a passage
therein leads straight to it. This passage gives a very useful list[283]
(elsewhere referred to) of some of the technical terms of criticism
which appear to have accumulated in Greek literature during the
post-Aristotelian period. Some of these are either used in their
ordinary sense, or in senses easily and closely tropical; others are
more far-fetched, and, as has also been noted elsewhere, remind one of
the technicalities of wine-tasting (especially in French), or of
pictorial art. Some are very hard to render exactly in other languages.
Footnote 283:
τραχύς, αὐστηρός, αὐθαδής, αὐχμηρός, εὐπινής, στρυφνός, συνεσπασμένος,
ἀντίτυπος, ἀρχαϊκός, πυκνός, δεινός, &c. Mr Nettleship gives in all
thirty-three, to which, I daresay, one could add as many more from the
later rhetoricians, Longinus, and others down to Photius.
It has always been noticed that Cicero—a master of language, and though
far from the pedantic prejudice which then tabooed Greek words in Latin,
just as it now taboos French words in English, always anxious to enrich
his own tongue when he could—has shown special ingenuity in translating,
paraphrasing, and adding to this rhetorical and critical dictionary. It
is not, however, very many years since the interesting labour of a
French scholar[284] made it possible, without very considerable trouble
on one’s own part, to get the results of this process ready for study.
With the Ciceronian terms of mere forensic Rhetoric (though all students
of the Greek and Latin Rhetoricians will agree with M. Causeret that
these terms have been, with a very mischievous result, transferred to
other branches) we need not busy ourselves. It is under the usual head
of “Elocution” that we shall find most to interest us. The abundance of
the Ciceronian vocabulary every one will recognise; it is less certain
whether we are to admire its precision. But it is at least an innocent,
and may sometimes be a profitable, pleasure to classify the usages of
_inusitatum_ and _insolens_, to separate the _nuances_ of _obsoletum_,
_priscum_, and _vetustum_, of _grandia_ and _gravia_, of _majestas_ and
_splendor_. The Latin rather than the Teutonic languages admit the
distinctions of _juncta_, _cohærentia_, _apta_, and _coagmentata_, if
distinction there be; but it would be of real value to ascertain whether
there was any between _modus_ and _numerus_. Sometimes at least it seems
as if it might coincide with that between “rhythm” and “metre”: while
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