On the anatomy and physiology of the teeth Guy de Chauliac expresses himself very briefly: “Teeth are of the nature of bones, although they are possessed of sensibility, due to some nerves which the third pair sends to their roots. The number of these latter may vary from one to four, according to the different teeth. The uses of these organs are well known.”[233] Worthy of being recorded are the names which Guy gives to the different kinds of teeth. After having said that these latter are generally thirty-two, but sometimes only twenty-eight, he adds, that the sixteen teeth of each jaw are divided into: _deux duelles, deux quadruples, deux canines, huiet maschelieres[234] et deux caisseaux_ (in the barbarous Latin: _duo duales, duo quadrupli, duo canini, octo molares et duo caysales_). So that the two middle incisors were then called _duales_; the lateral incisors were called _quadrupli_, because, together with the middle ones, they formed a series of four teeth. Guy gives the name of _caysales_ (_caisseaux_) to the last two molars; but Joubert, one of the translators and commentators of Guy de Chauliac, tells us that the molars in general were called in Languedoc _caisseaux_: “Les cinq molaires sont appelées en Languedoc _caisseaux_, parce qu’elles servent à casser les choses dures, comme les noix et semblables.” In regard to the canines of the upper jaw, we learn that they were called _oeillères_ (eye teeth), because their root was believed to reach near the eye.[235] According to Guy de Chauliac, _les dents sont engendrées non seulement en l’enfance, ains aux autres ages_.[236] And this passage was commented by Joubert in the following note, which we reproduce textually: “En Languedoc, près de Pezenas y a une gentil femme, nommé Mademoiselle de Lobatiere, dès long temps vieille édentée, à laquelle (comme tesmoignent beaucoup de gens très-dignes de foy) environ l’an 70 de son age, sont sorties cinq ou six dents nouvelles. Le conciliateur tesmoigne avoir veu, à qui les dents perdues devant l’an 60 ont été derechef engendrées, moindre toutes fois que les premieres et plus foibles.”[237] (In Languedoc, near Pezenas, there is a lady named Mademoiselle de Lobatiere, who having been for a long time old and toothless (according to the testimony of persons well worthy of belief), at about the age of seventy got five or six new teeth. The Conciliator[238] testifies to having seen teeth grow anew—smaller, however, and weaker than the first—in persons who had lost them before the age of sixty years).