Besides, if the titles of the two chapters spoken of be compared with those of the others, in which Ætius treats of dental affections, such analogy will be noticed between the various titles as to make us consider that they have been formulated by Ætius himself, even when the contents of these chapters are taken from other writers. So that the two aforesaid titles not only do not belong to any dental work, but probably they have never existed, even as simple titles of chapters, in the medical book of Adamantius, from which the contents of the two chapters of Ætius above mentioned have been taken. In order that every one may easily be convinced that the two titles made so conspicuous by Dr. Geist-Jacobi have nothing particular about them, but are, instead, perfectly analogous to the titles of various other chapters of Ætius, we give here the translation of the titles of five chapters, all concerning dental maladies, that is, the two chapters in discussion and other three: Chapter XXVII: Cure of teeth affected by warm, painful disease, according to Adamantius the sophist. Chapter XXIX: Cure of teeth affected with pain from humidity. Chapter XXXI: Cure of teeth affected by pain from dryness, according to Adamantius the sophist. Chapter XXXII: Cure of teeth affected by pain from heat and humidity. Chapter XXXIII: Cure of decayed teeth, according to Galen. It appears very clear, therefore, from the great analogy existing between the headings of all the above-mentioned chapters, that the titles referred to by Geist-Jacobi have not at all the historical importance and significance that he attributes to them, and that the same have been formulated by Ætius himself. To argue from such titles that Adamantius was the author of a book on dentistry is not only inadmissible, for all the reasons already given, but also because if it were allowable to reason with such lightness, it might also be stated—by arguing from the title of Chapter XXXIII—that Galen was the author of a monograph on the treatment of dental caries; a thing which is absolutely untrue. Consequently, the beginning of odontologic literature cannot be traced back to Adamantius, but, as Dr. Geist-Jacobi would have it, to an author much less ancient, that is, to Walter Hermann Ryff, or, if it is preferred, even to the anonymous writers of the odontologic compilations which appeared in Germany at the end of the fifteenth century. ANDREAS VESALIUS. We must now speak of Andreas Vesalius, an extraordinary man, who by his genius infused new life into medical science, and who, although he gave but little attention to dental matters, yet fully deserves a place of honor in the history of dentistry; for this, like every other branch of medicine, received great advantage from his reforming work, which broke down forever the authority of Galen, thus freeing the minds of medical men from an enslavement which made every real progress impossible.