URBAIN HÉMARD, a surgeon to the Cardinal d’Armagnac, published in 1582, at Lyons, a booklet entitled: _Recherche de la vraye anathomie des dents, nature et proprietez d’icelles, où est amplement discouru de ce qu’elles ont plus que les autres os; avecque les maladies qui leur adviennent, et les remedies_. This is the first dental monograph that appeared in France. The pamphlet is written with much erudition, but its contents are almost entirely taken from preceding authors. Hémard indicates by the term _deschapellement_ (decrowning) the removal of the crown of a tooth for curative purposes. He speaks of this operation as of a method but recently introduced into therapeutics; but, and very reasonably, too, he shows himself somewhat hostile to such a method of cure. As to what concerns the anatomy of the teeth, Hémard’s book does not contain anything original. The following passage, transcribed by Portal,[318] shows luminously that Urbain Hémard, instead of making researches of his own, has simply copied the Italian Eustachius, translating the latter almost literally. The beauty of it is that Portal had not noticed the plagiarism in the least, since he says that if Urbain Hémard had taken into account the researches of Fallopius and Eustachius as well, his book would have acquired still greater value. But, in truth, he has taken into account, and has valued the researches of Eustachius so much as to palm them off as his own! We here quote, side by side, with a paragraph taken from Hémard’s book, the corresponding passage of Eustachius, that our readers may be convinced of the truth of what we have stated: EUSTACHIUS. ... aperta utraque maxilla occurrunt incisores, canini, ac tres molares, nimirum secundus, tertius et quartus; partim mucosi, partim ossei, non obscuræ magnitudinis, suisque præsepiolis undique vallati: * * * * * incisoribus autem et caninis docta manu detractis, tenuissimum interstitium vix osseum factum conspicitur; quo pari diligentia amoto, obviam veniunt totidem incisores et canini pene mucosi et longe minores, qui post alios priores in propriis caveis latentes, singuli singulis e regione oppositi collocati essent, nisi utriusque maxillæ caninus magna ex parte proximo incisori incumberet, eumque propterea fere occultaret.[319] Primorum molarium et genuinorum qui circa septennium ac longe etiam postea oriuntur, fateor me nullum vestigium vidisse. HÉMARD.