In the following year, however, the belief in the new means of cure was sensibly shaken by F. E. Glaubrecht, who declared that although the magnet calms or causes the cessation of the pain at first, it returns constantly and with much greater violence.[497] The curing efficacy of the magnet in cases of toothache was highly vaunted in France by Condamine.[498] PASCH attributes the effects of the magnet to the chill produced in the parts to which it is applied; in proof of this he adduces the fact that if the magnet becomes heated by being kept some time in the hand, it loses its efficacy altogether, whilst on the other side one may obtain the very same beneficial results with a simple steel spatula, just on account of the action of the cold; finally, he adds that the chill produced by the magnet on the affected part explains very well not only the good, but also the bad effects which it produces in many cases, such as increase of the pain, inflammation, tumefaction, and even at times spasmodic contractions.[499] Thenceforth the enthusiasm for the magnetic cure diminished gradually, all the more so inasmuch as that shortly after the celebrated English dentist Thomas Berdmore ridiculed it by placing it in the same class as charms, exorcisms, and other foolish and superstitious means of cure.[500] ADAM ANTON BRUNNER. One of the most distinguished German dentists in the second half of the eighteenth century was Adam Anton Brunner. His two principal works are the _Introduction to the science necessary for a dentist_,[501] and the _Treatise on the eruption of the milk teeth_.[502] This author falls into various errors with regard to deciduous teeth. According to him they are twenty-four in number, and without roots; but these may develop in those milk teeth which in exceptional cases remain in their places after the period in which they generally are shed. A milk tooth, says Brunner, ought never to be extracted unless there be manifest signs of the presence of the corresponding permanent tooth, or when it is painful and decayed. Badly grown teeth can often be put in order solely by the pressure of the fingers frequently repeated, but when this is not sufficient, one must have recourse to waxed threads or to special contrivances. In applying a pivot tooth, he screws the pivot to the artificial crown and perforates the root canal only just sufficiently to admit the other extremity, which he drives in by little strokes of a hammer upon the crown, without its being necessary to use cement. We learn from this author that in his time there were turners and other craftsmen who occupied themselves with dental prosthesis.[503] Brunner prefers gold for fillings to any other substance whatever.