To turn from the fruit-garden to the flower-garden, modern writers have fallen into many similar mistakes as to the supposed recent date of the introduction of various plants into this country. Loudon, for instance, says that we owe the introduction of the gilliflower, or clove-pink (_dianthus caryophyllus_), to the Flemings, who took refuge on our shores from the savage persecutions of the duke of Alva, in the latter half of the sixteenth century; whereas this flower was certainly well known, under the name of gillofres, ages before. Roses, lilies, violets, and periwinkles, seem to have continued to be the favourite garden-flowers. A manuscript of the fifteenth century in the British Museum (MS. Sloane, No. 1201) furnishes us with a list of plants then considered necessary for a garden, arranged first alphabetically, and then in classes, of which I will here give verbatim the latter part, as the best illustration of the mediæval notion of a garden, and as being, at the same time, a very complete list. After the alphabetical list, the manuscript goes on:-- _Of the same herbes for potage._ Borage, langdebefe[35], vyolettes, malowes, marcury, daundelyoun, avence, myntes, sauge, parcely, goldes[36], mageroum[37], ffenelle, carawey, red nettylle, oculus Christi[38], daysys, chervelle, lekez, colewortes, rapez, tyme, cyves, betes, alysaundre, letyse, betayne, columbyne, allia, astralogya rotunda, astralogia longa, basillicam[39], dylle, deteyne, hertestong, radiche, white pyper, cabagez, sedewale, spynache, coliaundre, ffoothistylle[40], orage, cartabus, lympens, nepte, clarey, pacience. _Of the same herbes for sauce._ Hertestonge, sorelle, pelytory, pelytory of spayne, deteyne, vyolettes, parcely, myntes. _Also of the same herbez for the coppe._ Cost, costmary, sauge, isope, rose mary, gyllofre, goldez, clarey, mageroum, rue. _Also of the same herbes for a salade._ Buddus of stanmarche[41], vyolette flourez, parcely, red myntes, syves[42], cresse of Boleyne, purselane, ramsons, calamyntes, primerose buddus, dayses, rapounses, daundelyoun, rokette, red nettelle, borage flourez, croppus of red ffenelle, selbestryve, chykynwede. _Also herbez to stylle_ (distill). Endyve, rede rose, rose mary, dragans[43], skabiose, ewfrace[44], wermode, mogwede, beteyne, wylde tansey, sauge, isope, ersesmart. _Also herbes for savour and beauté._ Gyllofre gentyle, mageroum gentyle, brasyle, palma Christi, stycadose, meloncez, arcachaffe, scalacely[45], philyppendula[46], popy royalle, germaundre, cowsloppus of Jerusalem, verveyne, dylle, seynt Mare, garlek. _Also rotys_ (roots) _for a gardyne_. Parsenepez, turnepez, radyche, karettes, galyngale, eryngez[47], saffrone. _Also for an herbere._ Vynes, rosers, lylés, thewberies[48], almondez, bay-trees, gourdes, date-trese, peche-trese, pyneappulle, pyany romain, rose campy, cartabus, seliane, columbyne gentyle, elabre. * * * * *