of view Wolsey represents exactly the man of the transition, who occupied the intermediate position in nationalising the English Church. Though Henry VIII did not always follow in his father's footsteps, he was yet his genuine successor in the work he began. What the first Tudor achieved in the temporal domain, viz. the exclusion of foreign influence, that the second extended to spiritual affairs. The great question now was, whether the conflicting elements, in themselves independent but ceaselessly agitated by their connexion with the rest of Europe, would continue loyal to the idea of the common-weal; then even their opposition might become a new impulse and help to perfect the power of the State and the Constitution. NOTES: [103] 'Quasi che quello, che minacciano, non fosse prima a danno loro.' So it is said in a letter of Sanga, April 1529, Lettere di diversi autori p. 69. [104] 'Pour ce qu'il n'est encoires temps qu'il meure que premierement l'on n'ayt entendu et veriffie plusieurs choses.' Chapuis to Charles V, 25 Oct. 1529, in Bradford, Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V, p. 291. [105] A letter printed in Fiddes (Life of Wolsey, Records II. p. 115, no 58), adds to the laconic parliamentary notices the desirable explanation: 'the knights being of the King's council, the King's servants and gentlemen ... were long time spoken with and made to see (a misprint for "say") yea, it may fortune, contrary to their heart.' [106] Giustiniani: Four Years, I. 162. 'They see that their treasure is spent in vain, and consequently loud murmurs and discontent prevail through the kingdom.' [107] 'The only head sovereign lord and protector of both the said parties, your subjects spiritual and temporal.' Petition of the Commons 1529, in Froude, History of England i. 200. [108] Indictment in Fiddes, Life of Wolsey p. 504. [109] 'Pro domino rege, de recuperatione.' Ibid. Collections no. 103. [110] Falier: 'comincio a machinar contra la corona con S. Sta.' [111] Pallavicino, Concilio di Trento III, XIV, V, from a Roman diary. [112] Original accounts in Burnet iii. 52, 53. [113] Proceedings in Burnet, History of the Reformation i. 117. Strype had already remarked its difference from the original demands. [114] Matters to be proposed in Convocation (in Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials i. 215.) 'That the King's Majesty hath as well the care of the souls of his subjects as their bodies, and may by the law of God by his Parliament make laws touching and concerning as well the one as the other.' [115] Facsimile in Ellis's Original Letters, Ser. ii. vol i. But this alteration cannot have taken place at the beginning of his government. This would presuppose all the results won by so much effort. The handwriting too is not that of a boy, but of a grown man. [116] Instruction for Rochefort, State Papers vii. 427.