A history of English literature : $b A practical text-bookAlbert, Edward
History
A history of English literature : $b A practical text-book
Albert, Edward
English literature -- History and criticism
About 1610 Shakespeare left London for Stratford, where he stayed at
New Place, a house that he had bought. He may have written his last
plays there; but it is likely that his connection with his company
of actors ceased when the Globe Theatre was burned down during a
performance of _Henry VIII_ in 1613. His will, a hurriedly
executed document, is dated March 25, 1616. His death occurred a month
later, April 23.
=2. His Poems.= Shakespeare’s two long narrative poems were among
the earliest of his writings. _Venus and Adonis_ (1593), composed in
six-line stanzas, showed decided signs of immaturity. Its subject
was in accordance with popular taste; its descriptions were heavily
ornamented and conventional; but it contained individual lines and
expressions of great beauty. Already the hand of Shakespeare was
apparent. _The Rape of Lucrece_ (1594), in rhyme royal stanzas, is of
less merit. As was common in the poetry of that day, the action was
retarded with long speeches, but there were Shakespearian touches all
through. In 1599 a collection of verse called _The Passionate Pilgrim_
appeared with Shakespeare’s name on the title-page. Of the constituent
poems only one, taking its name from the title of the book, has been
decidedly fixed as Shakespeare’s. It consists of some sonnets of
unequal merit.
In 1609 a collection of Shakespeare’s sonnets was printed by Thomas
Thorpe, who dedicated the volume to a certain “Mr. W. H.” as being
“the onlie begetter” of the sonnets. Speculation has exhausted itself
regarding the identity of “Mr. W. H.” The most probable explanation is
that he was William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. The sonnets themselves
consist of 154 numbers, which are all composed in the English form of
the sonnet, that of three quatrains clenched with a couplet. The entire
collection falls into two groups of unequal size, divided, at number
cxxvi, by a poem of six couplets. The first group consists largely
of a series of cryptic references, often passionately expressed, to
his friendship with a youth, apparently of high rank, who may be,
and probably is, the mysterious “Mr. W. H.” The second group, also
obscurely phrased, is taken up with reproaches addressed to his
mistress, “a black beauty,” whose hair is like “black wires.” The
identity of this “Dark Lady of the Sonnets” is one of the romances of
our literature. She may be, as is often asserted, Mary Fitton, who
happened to be fair; but she probably did not exist at all. Among the
numerous sonneteers of the time it was a common trick to apostrophize
a lovely and fickle mistress, as a rule quite imaginary, and it may be
that Shakespeare was following the custom of the period.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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