A History of English Romanticism in the Eighteenth CenturyBeers, Henry A. (Henry Augustin)
History
A History of English Romanticism in the Eighteenth Century
Beers, Henry A. (Henry Augustin)
English literature -- 18th century -- History and criticism; Romanticism -- Great Britain -- History -- 18th century
Walpole did not arrive at his Gothicism by the gate of literature. It
was merely a specialized development of his tastes as a virtuoso and
collector. The museum of curiosities which he got together at Strawberry
Hill included not only suits of armor, stained glass, and illuminated
missals, but a miscellaneous treasure of china ware, enamels, faience,
bronzes, paintings, engravings, books, coins, bric-a-brac, and
memorabilia such as Cardinal Wolsey's hat, Queen Elizabeth's glove, and
the spur that William III. wore at the Battle of the Boyne. Walpole's
romanticism was a thin veneering; underneath it, he was a man of the
eighteenth century. His opinions on all subjects were, if not
inconsistent, at any rate notoriously whimsical and ill-assorted. Thus
in spite of his admiration for Gray and his--temporary--interest in
Ossian, Chatterton, and Percy's ballads, he ridiculed Mallet's and Gray's
Runic experiments, spoke contemptuously of Spenser, Thomson, and
Akenside, compared Dante to "a Methodist parson in bedlam," and
pronounced "A Midsummer Night's Dream" "forty times more nonsensical than
the worst translation of any Italian opera-books."[11] He said that
poetry died with Pope, whose measure and manner he employed in his own
verses. It has been observed that, in all his correspondence, he makes
but a single mention of Froissart's "Chronicle," and that a sneer at Lady
Pomfret for translating it.
Accordingly we find, on turning to "The Castle of Otranto," that, just as
Walpole's Gothicism was an accidental "sport" from his general
virtuosity; so his romanticism was a casual outgrowth of his
architectural amusements. Strawberry Hill begat "The Castle of Otranto,"
whose title is fitly chosen, since it is the castle itself that is the
hero of the book. The human characters are naught. "Shall I even
confess to you," he writes to the Rev. William Cole (March 9, 1765),
"what was the origin of this romance? I waked one morning in the
beginning of last June from a dream, of which all I could recover was,
that I had thought myself in an ancient castle (a very natural dream for
a head filled, like mine, with Gothic story), and that, on the uppermost
banister of a great staircase, I saw a gigantic hand in armor. In the
evening I sat down and began to write, without knowing in the least what
I intended to say or relate. The work grew on my hands. . . In short, I
was so engrossed with my tale, which I completed in less than two months,
that one evening I wrote from the time I had drunk my tea, about six
o'clock, till half an hour after one in the morning."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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