A History of English Romanticism in the Eighteenth CenturyBeers, Henry A. (Henry Augustin)
History
A History of English Romanticism in the Eighteenth Century
Beers, Henry A. (Henry Augustin)
English literature -- 18th century -- History and criticism; Romanticism -- Great Britain -- History -- 18th century
"No flocks that range the valley free
To slaughter I condemn:
Taught by the power that pities me,
I learn to pity them."
This sort of thing was in the air. Pope was not a sentimental person,
yet even Pope had written
"The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,
Had he thy reason, would he skip and play?
Pleased to the last, he crops the flowery food.
And licks the hand just raised to shed his blood."[16]
It does not appear that Thomson was personally averse to a leg of mutton.
His denunciations of luxury, and his praise of early rising[17] and cold
bathing[18] sound rather hollow from the lips of a bard--"more fat than
bard beseems"-who used to lie abed till noon, and who, as Savage told
Johnson, "was perhaps never in cold water in his life." Johnson reports,
not without some spice of malice, that the Countess of Hertford, "whose
practice it was to invite every summer some poet into the country, to
hear her verses and assist her studies," extended this courtesy to
Thomson, "who took more delight in carousing with Lord Hertford and his
friends than assisting her ladyship's poetical operations, and therefore
never received another summons."[19]
The romantic note is not absent from "The Seasons," but it is not
prominent. Thomson's theme was the changes of the year as they affect
the English landscape, a soft, cultivated landscape of lawns, gardens,
fields, orchards, sheep-walks, and forest preserves. Only now and then
that attraction toward the savage, the awful, the mysterious, the
primitive, which marks the romantic mood in naturalistic poetry, shows
itself in touches like these.
"High from the summit of a craggy cliff,
Hung o'er the deep, such as amazing frowns
On utmost Kilda's shore, whose lonely race
Reigns the setting sun to Indian worlds."[20]
"Or where the Northern Ocean, in vast whirls,
Boils round the naked, melancholy isles
Of farthest Thule, and the Atlantic surge
Pours in among the stormy Hebrides."[21]
Compare also the description of the thunderstorm in the mountains
("Summer," 1156-68), closing with the lines:
"Far seen the heights of heathy Cheviot blaze,
And Thule bellows through her utmost isles."
The Western Islands appear to have had a peculiar fascination for
Thomson. The passages above quoted, and the stanza from "The Castle of
Indolence," cited on page 94, gave Collins the clew for his "Ode on the
Superstitions of the Scottish Highlands," which contained, says Lowell,
the whole romantic school in the germ. Thomason had perhaps found the
embryon atom in Milton's "stormy Hebrides," in "Lycidas," whose echo is
prolonged in Wordsworth's "Solitary Reaper"--
"Breaking the silence of the seas
Among the farthest Hebrides."
Even Pope--he had a soul--was not unsensitive to this, as witness his
"Loud as the wolves, on Orcas' stormy steep,
Howl to the roarings of the Northern deep."[22]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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