A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
§ =77.= According to the number of feet we may classify =the different
kinds of line=--retaining the classical nomenclature--as dimeters,
trimeters, tetrameters, &c.; (one meter always consisting of _two_
iambic or trochaic, or anapaestic feet), so that, for instance, an
iambic tetrameter contains eight iambic feet. Lines or rhythmical
sections consisting of complete feet, i.e. of an equal number of
accented and unaccented syllables, are called _acatalectic_ or
_complete_ lines (dimeters, trimeters, &c.). If, however, the last foot
of a line or of a rhythmical section be characterized by the omission of
the last syllable, i.e. by a pause, the line is called _catalectic_ or
_incomplete_. The following examples will serve to illustrate the
meaning of these terms:
Acatalectic iambic tetrameter:
_Y spéke óf Ihésu, Márie sóne, | of álle Kínges hé is flóur,
Þat súffred déþ for ál man-kín, | he ís our álder créatóur._
Seynt Katerine, i. ll. 89-92.[123]
_Come lísten tó my móurnful tále, | ye ténder héarts and lovers déar;
Nor wíll you scórn to héave a sígh, | nor wíll you blúsh to shéd a
téar._ Shenstone, Jenny Dawson.
Catalectic iambic tetrameter:
_Ne sólde nó man dón a fírst | ne sléuhþen wél to dónne;
For mány man behóteð wél, | þet hít forȝét wel sóne._
Moral Ode, ll. 36-7.
_They cáught their spéares, their hórses rán, | as thóugh there hád
been thúnder,
And strúck them éach amídst their shíelds, | wherewíth they bróke
in súnder._
Sir Lancelot du Lake, ll. 65-8.[124]
Acatalectic trochaic tetrameter (not represented in Middle
English):
_Wérther hád a lóve for Chárlotte, | súch as wórds could néver
útter;
Wóuld you knów how fírst he mét her? | shé was cútting bréad
and bútter._
Thackeray, Sorrows of Werther, ll. 1, 2.
Catalectic trochaic tetrameter:
_Áh! what pléasant vísions háunt me, | ás I gáze upón the séa:
Áll the óld romántic légends, | áll my dréams come báck to mé!_
Longfellow, Secret of the Sea, ll. 1, 2.
A line in which the whole last foot is supplied by a pause is called
_brachycatalectic_.
Brachycatalectic iambic tetrameter:
_The Brítons thús depárted hénce, | seven Kíngdoms hére begóne,
Where díverselý in dívers bróils | the Sáxons lóst and wón._
Warner, Albion's England.[125]
Brachycatalectic trochaic tetrameter:
_Hásten, Lórd, to réscue mé | and sét me sáue from tróuble;
Sháme thou thóse who séek my sóul, | rewárd their míschief dóuble._
Translation of Psalm lxix.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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