The dropping of _e_ on the whole is the more usual: e.g. _begins_ Sur. 1; _seems_ ib. 2; _learns_ Wyatt, 1; also if written _-eth_: _On hím that lóveth not mé_ Wyatt, 57; _that séeth the héavens_ Sur. 2. Treatment as a full syllable is less usual: _But áll too láte Love léarnëth mé_ Sur. 5; _Lóve that lívëth and réignëth ín my thóught_ Sur. 12. Shakespeare and his contemporaries still use it somewhat frequently (cf. Hertzberg in _Shakspeare-Jahrb._ xiii, pp. 255-7), and occasional instances are found even in later poets, as for instance in Keats, who rhymes: _death: ouershádowéth_, p. 336; Chr. Rossetti, _déath: fashionéth_ p. 28, ii. ll. 5-6. § =102.= The ending _-ed_, in the North _-id_, _-it_ (past part. of weak verbs), is, as a rule, syllabic in Middle English: e.g. _Min Dríhhtin háfeþþ lénedd_ Orm. 16; _Annd ícc itt háfe fórþedd té_ ib. 25; _Annd tǽrfore háfe icc túrrnedd ítt_ ib. 129; _ipróved ófte síthes_ Chauc. Prol. 485; _hadde swówned wíth a dédly chére_ ib. Kn. T. 55; _Nóu is Álex dwélled þóre_ Alexius, i. 121; _Lóverd, iþánked bé þou áy_ ib. 157; _A wéile gret quhíle thar duellyt hé_ Barbour, Bruce, i. 359. But slurring and syncopation likewise are of frequent occurrence: _þatt háffdenn cwémmd himm í þiss líf_ ib. 211; _þet scúlle béo to déþe idémd_ Moral Ode, 106; _His lónge héer was kémbd behýnde his bák_ Chauc. Kn. T. 1285; _Fulfíld of íre_ ib. 82; especially in words with the accent on the antepenultima, e.g. _Ybúried nór ibrént_ ib. 88; _and hán hem cáried sófte_ ib. 153; _And ben yhónowrid ás a kýng_ Alexius, i. 5, 12 (MS. N). In this ending, too, syncopation (_-ed_, _'d_, _t_) is the rule already in the earliest Modern English poets: _offer'd_ Sur. 6; _transgrést_ ib. 11; _that prómised wás to thée_ ib. 35. The use of it as a full syllable, however, is very frequently to be met with, chiefly in participles used as adjectives: _the párchëd gréen restórëd ís with sháde_ Sur. 1; _by wéll assúrëd móan_ Wyatt, 4; _but ármëd síghs_ ib. 4; _false féignëd gráce_ ib. 4. The dramatists of the Elizabethan time (cf. _Engl. Metrik_, ii. 336) similarly often use the full ending; and even in modern poets it is not uncommon: _where wé've involvëd óthers_ Burns, Remorse, l. 11 ; _The chármëd God begán_ Keats, Lamia, p. 185, &c. § =103.= The ending _-ed_ (_-od_, _-ud_) of the 1st and 3rd pers. sing. pret. and the whole plur. pret. of weak verbs, which is shortened from _-ede_, _-ode_, _-ude_, _-eden_, _-oden_, _-uden_ (cf. § 96), is in Middle English usually syllabic: e.g. _Mést al þét me líked(e) þó_ Moral Ode, 7 ; _Oure lóverd þát al máked(e) iwís_ Pop. Science, 2; _He énded(e) and cléped(e) yt Léicestre_ Rob. of Glouc., p. 29; _The fáder hem lóued(e) álle ynóȝ_ ib.; _Híre overlíppe wýpud(e) sché so cléne_ Chauc. Prol. 107; _An óutridére þat lóved(e) vénerýe_ ib. 165; _Ne máked hím a spíced cónsciénce_ ib. 526; _þei préced évere nére and nére_ Alexius, i. 583 (MS. V).