A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
§ =154.= The main difference between Chaucer's five-foot verse and these
early specimens of this metre is that the caesura does not always occupy
a fixed place in it, but is liable to shift its position.[152] It is
either masculine, epic, or lyric, and occurs chiefly after the second or
in and after the third foot, or in the fourth, so that there are thus
(in Chaucer's verse and that of most of the following poets) =six main
types of caesura=:
1. Masculine (monosyllabic) caesura after the second foot; the principal
kind (types 1 and 3):
_Whan Zéphirús | eek wíth his swéte bréethe._ Prol. 5.
2. Feminine (disyllabic) epic caesura after the second foot; far rarer
(types 2 and 4):
_To Cáunterbúry[153] | with fúl devóut coráge._ ib. 22.
3. Feminine (disyllabic) lyric caesura in the third foot; more frequent
than the preceding (types 10 and 12):
_And máde fórward | érly fór to rýse._ ib. 83.
4. Masculine (monosyllabic) caesura after the third foot (first
subordinate type to 1 and 3 = 1a and 3a):
_That slépen ál the níght | with ópen éye._ ib. 10.
5. Feminine (disyllabic) epic caesura after the third foot, rare (first
subordinate type to 2 and 4 = 2a and 4a):
_Ther ás he wás ful mérye | and wél át ése._ Nonne Pr. T. 438.
6. Feminine lyric caesura in the fourth foot (first subordinate type to
10 and 12 = 10a and 12a):
_An ánlas ánd a gípser | ál of sílk._ Prol. 357.
Besides these six principal caesuras we also find all the three types
occurring in rarer instances in the corresponding remaining positions of
the verse, namely, after the first or in the second foot, and after the
fourth or in the fifth foot. Enjambement often gives rise to logical
caesuras in unusual positions, alongside of which another metrical
caesura is generally noticeable in one of the usual positions:
_Byfél, || that ín that sésoun | ón a dáy._ Prol. 18.
_In Sóuthwerk | át the Tábard || ás I láy._ ib. 20.
_Farwél, || for Í ne máy | no lénger dwélle._ Kn. T. 1496.
_O régne, || that wólt no félawe | hán with thé._ ib. 766.
_Now cértes, || Í wol dó | my díligénce._ Prioresse T. 1729.
_Is ín this lárge | wórlde ysprád || --quod shé._ ib. 1644.
_To Médes ánd | to Pérses yíuen || quod hé._ Monkes T. 3425.
_And sófte untó himsélf | he séyde | : Fý._ Kn. T. 915.
By the various combinations of such principal and subordinate caesuras
the number of the varieties of this metre is increased to an almost
unlimited extent. Many lines also are devoid of the caesura completely,
or, at most, admit, under the influence of the general rhythm, a light
metrical caesura without any strict logical need, as, for instance, when
it occurs after a conjunction or a preposition, as in the verses:
_By fórward ánd | by cómposícióun._ Prol. 848.
_That Í was óf | here félaweschípe anón._ ib. 32.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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