A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
Pope's heroic verse is still more uniformly constructed than that of
Dryden. Both poets hardly ever employ any caesura but the masculine and
the lyric after the second and third beat, and the end of the line is
almost exclusively masculine. Initial truncation or the absence of an
unaccented syllable internally is hardly to be met with in their poems.
The earlier diversity in the structure of this line was (under the
influence of the French models whom they closely imitated) considerably
restricted. Even transposition of accent occurs comparatively seldom, so
that the word-accent generally exactly coincides with the rhythmical
accent. Enjambement is, however, employed more frequently by Dryden than
by Pope; and the former, moreover, occasionally admits at the close of a
triplet a verse of six feet, while Pope, in his original poems,
completely avoids triplets as well as six-accent lines. The breaking of
rhyme both poets purposely exclude.
A similar uniform character is exhibited by the heroic verse of most of
the poets of the eighteenth century. It is not before the nineteenth
century that this metre, in spite of the persistence of individual
poets, e.g. Byron, in adhering to the fashion set by Pope, again
acquires greater freedom. Shelley and Browning, for instance, are fond
of combining lines of heroic verse by enjambement so as to form periods
of some length. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey and others again admit
couplets and triplets with occasional six-foot lines at the close. But
the caesura remains nearly always restricted to the places which it
occupies in Pope's verse, and the close of the line is masculine. Keats
only often indulges in feminine rhymes.
It is, however, remarkable that such rhymes more often occur in
five-foot verses combined in stanzas when employed for satirical and
comic compositions, as e.g. in Byron's _Beppo_ and _Don Juan_. In these
poems the disyllabic thesis, the slurring of syllables, and other
rhythmical licences, also more frequently occur.
NOTES:
[141] See ten Brink, _The Language and Metre of Chaucer_ (English
transl.), § 280, where the metrical treatment of these words
is described. The German term used by ten Brink is
_Anlehnungen_.
[142] _Old English Homilies_, ed. R. Morris, First Series, Part I,
E.E.T.S., No. 29, pp. 55-71.
[143] Cf. Charles L. Crow, _On the History of the Short Couplet in
Middle English_. Dissert., Göttingen, 1892.
[144] Cf. _John Heywood als Dramatiker_, von Wilh. Swoboda, 1888, p.
83 ff.
[145] Cf. our metrical notes ('Metrische Randglossen') in _Engl.
Studien_, x, p. 192 seq.
[146] In _Old English Homilies_, ed. R. Morris, pp. 190ff.
[147] Trautmann, _Anglia_, v, Anz., p. 124; Einenkel, ibid., 74;
Menthel, _Anglia_, viii, Anz., p. 70.
[148] According to Guest (ii. 233) 'because the poulterer, as
Gascoigne tells us, giveth twelve for one dozen and fourteen
for another'.
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