A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
§ =248.= Some other analogical developments from this type, however,
occur pretty often; a stanza of alternate four- and two-foot verses (_a₄
b ~₂ a₄ b ~₂_) is used, for example, by Ben Jonson (_Poets_, iv. 545):
_Weep with me all you that read
This little story;
And know, for whom a tear you shed,
Death's self is sorry._
Another of five- and four-foot verses (_a₅ b₄ a₅ b₄_) occurs in Cowley,
_The long Life_ (Poets, v. 264):
_Love from Time's wings hath stol'n the feathers sure,
He has, and put them to his own,
For hours, of late, as long as days endure,
And very minutes hours are grown._
Other less common analogous forms are given in _Metrik_, ii, § 298, the
formulas being _a₅ b₃ a₅ b₃_, _a₃ b₅ a₃ b₅_, _a₅ b₂ a₅ b₂_, _a₂ b₅ a₂
b₅_.
There are also stanzas of anisometrical verses rhyming in couplets, but
they occur very rarely. An example is Donne's _The Paradox_ (Poets, iv.
397), after the scheme _a₅ a₅ b₅ b₃_:
_No lover saith I love, nor any other
Can judge a perfect lover:
He thinks that else none can or will agree
That any loves but he._
§ =249.= Pretty often we find--not indeed in middle English, but in
Modern English poetry--eight-lined (doubled) forms of the different
four-lined stanzas. Only doubled forms, however, of the formula _a₄ b₃
a₄ b₃ c₄ d₃ c₄ d₃_ are employed with any frequency; they have either
only masculine rhymes or rhymes which vary between masculine and
feminine. An example of the latter kind we have in Drayton's _To his coy
Love_ (Poets, iii. 585):
_I pray thee, love, love me no more,
Call home the heart you gave me,
I but in vain that saint adore,
That can, but will not save me:
These poor half kisses kill me quite;
Was ever man thus served?
Amidst an ocean of delight,
For pleasure to be starved._
Eight-lined stanzas with the following schemes are not common:--_a₄ b₃
c₄ b₃ a₄ b₃ c₄ b₃_, _a₄ b₃ a₄ b₃ c₄ b₃ c₄ b₃_, _a₄ b₃ a₄ b₃ a₄ b₃ a₄ b₃_, _a
~₃ b₄ a ~₃ b₄ c ~₃ d₄ c ~₃ d₄_, _a₄ b₃ c₄ b₃ d₄ e₃ f₄ e₃._ Only in the last
stanza and in the usual form _a b a b c d c d_ we find trochaic and
iambic-anapaestic verses. An example of the latter sort which is pretty
often met with we have in Cunningham's _The Sycamore Shade_ (Poets, x.
717):
_T'other day as I sat in the sycamore shade,
Young Damon came whistling along,
I trembled--I blush'd--a poor innocent maid!
And my heart caper'd up to my tongue:
Silly heart, I cry'd, fie! What a flutter is here!
Young Damon designs you no ill,
The shepherd's so civil, you've nothing to fear,
Then prythee, fond urchin, lie still._
For specimens of the other subordinate varieties and of the rare
twelve-lined stanza (_a₄ b₃ c₄ b₃ d₄ b₃ e₄ f₃ d₄ f₃ g₄ f₃_ and _a₄ b ~₃
a₄ b ~₃ a₄ b ~₃ c₄ d ~₃ c₄ d ~₃ c₄ d ~₃_) see _Metrik_, ii, §§ 295, 296.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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