A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
_Sweet flower! belike one day to have
A place upon thy Poets grave,
I welcome thee once more:
But He, who was on land, at sea,
My Brother, too, in loving thee,
Although he loved more silently,
Sleeps by his native shore._
A peculiar form of stanza occurring in M. Arnold's _In Utrumque Paratus_
(p. 45) with the formula _a₅ b₃ a c b c₅ b₃_ likewise belongs to this
group.
In other instances the longer part comes first on the model _a a a₄ b₃ c
c₄ b₃_, e.g. in Mrs. Hemans, _The Sun_ (iv. 251).
Other stanzas correspond to _a a₃ b₂ c c c₃ B₂_ and _a a a b c c₂ b₃_.
In other cases the equal-membered tail-rhyme stanza becomes
unequal-membered by adding to the second tail-verse another verse
rhyming with it, the formula being then _a a₄ B₂ a a₄ b B₂_ (e.g. in
Longfellow, _Victor Galbraith_, p. 503) or _a a₂ b₄ c c₂ b₄ B₃_ (in
Moore, _Little man_), or _a a₃ b₂ c ~ c ~ b b₃_ (id., _The Pilgrim_).
Less closely allied to the tail-rhyme stanza are the forms which are
similar to it only in one half-strophe, e.g. those on the model _a₄ b₂
a b c c₄ b₂_ (Shelley, _To Night_, iii. 62), _a b₃ c c₂ a a₄ b₃_ (id.
_Lines_, iii. 86), _a b b₄ r₂ a R₄ r₂_ (Tennyson, _A Dirge_, p. 16). For
other examples see _Metrik_, ii, § 347.
§ =263.= There are also some eight-, nine-, and ten-lined stanzas
similar to the tail-rhyme stanza. An =eight-lined stanza= of the form
_a₄ b a₅ c₂, b₄ d d₅ c₂_ occurs in Herbert, _The Glance_ (p. 18), and
one of the form _a ~ a ~₄ B c ~ d c ~ d₄ B₃_ in Moore's _Thee, thee,
only thee_:
_The dawning of morn, the daylight's sinking,
The night's long hours still find me thinking
Of thee, thee, only thee.
When friends are met, and goblets crown'd,
And smiles are near, that once enchanted,
Unreach'd by all that sunshine round,
My soul, like some dark spot, is haunted
By thee, thee, only thee._
A stanza used by Wordsworth in _Stray Pleasures_ (iv. 12) corresponds to
_a a₂ b₃ c c d d₂ b₃_.
Two stanzas used by M. Arnold correspond to the formulas _a a₂ b₂ c₅ d₄
c₃ d₄ b₂_ (_a a_ printed as one line) in _A Question_ (p. 44), and _a a₃
b₅ c c₃ d b d₃_ in _The World and the Quietist_ (p. 46).
A =stanza of nine lines= is found in Tennyson's _Lady of Shalott_ (p.
28); it is on the scheme _a a a a b c c c₄ b_; one of ten lines in his
_Greeting to the Duchess of Edinburgh_ (p. 261) on the model _a b b a₅
C₂ d e e d₅ C₃_ (cf. _Metrik_, ii, § 349).
Other stanzas of this kind are related to the Septenary or the
_Poulter's Measure_, e.g. those on the schemes _a₄ b₃ a b c d c₄ d₃_,
_a b a₄ b₃ c d₃ c₄ d₃_, and _a b₂ a₄ b₂ c₃ d₂ c₄ d₂_, examples of which,
from Moore, are given in _Metrik_, ii, § 348.
=Stanzas of eleven= and =twelve lines= are rare. For examples see
_Metrik_, ii, § 350.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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