A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
Very often we find stanzas of combined crossed and parallel rhymes; one
e.g. on the model _a b a₅ b₆ c c₅_ in Shelley, _A Summer-Evening
Churchyard_ (i. 160):
_The wind has swept from the wide atmosphere
Each vapour that obscured the sunset's ray;
And pallid Evening twines its beaming hair
In duskier braids around the languid eyes of day:
Silence and Twilight, unbeloved of men,
Creep hand in hand from yon obscurest glen._
Many stanzas of a similar kind correspond to the schemes _a a₄ b c₂ b₄
c₃_, _a₄ b₃ a b c c₄_, _a₃ b₅ a b₄ c₅ c₄_, _a b a₅ b c c₄_, _a₅ a b c c
b₄ c₅_, _a₄ b ~₂ a a₄ b ~a₄_, _a₅ b₃ a b c₅ c₃_, and _a b c c a₄ b₃_;
for specimens see _Metrik_, ii, §§ 460-3.
Stanzas consisting of shorter lines are not so often met with; we have
an example (on the model _a b a₂ b c₄ c₃_) consisting of
iambic-anapaestic verses in R. Browning, _On the Cliff_ (vi. 48):
_I leaned on the turf,
I looked at a rock
Left dry by the surf;
For the turf, to call it grass were to mock;
Dead to the roots, so deep was done
The work of the summer sun._
For stanzas on the schemes _a₄ b₁ a₄ b₂ C D₂_, _a b a₄ c₃ c b₂_ see
ibid. § 464.
§ =289.= Among =seven-line= stanzas, both in earlier (Ph. Fletcher, S.
Daniel, &c.) and more recent poets (Mrs. Browning, Swinburne, R.
Browning, D.G. Rossetti), those which are entirely isometrical occur
often. One on the model _a b b a b b a₅_ is met with in S. Daniel's
_Epistle to the Angel Spirit of the most excellent Sir Philip Sidney_
(Poets, iii. 228):
_To thee, pure spir't, to thee alone addrest
Is this joint work, by double int'rest thine:
Thine by thine own, and what is done of mine
Inspir'd by thee, thy secret pow'r imprest:
My muse with thine itself dar'd to combine,
As mortal stuff with that which is divine:
Let thy fair beams give lustre to the rest._
Specimens of stanzas on the schemes _a b b a c c c₄_, _a b b a b b a₄_,
_a b b a a c c₃_, _a b b a a c c₅_, _a b b a c c a₅_, and _a b c c d d
d₄_, are given in _Metrik_, ii, §456.
Anisometrical stanzas on the model _a b b a_ in the first part occur
only in single examples, one corresponding to the scheme _a b b a₄ b₂ c
c₄_ found in Milton, _Arcades_, Song I; and another of the form _a₃ b b₅
a₃ c c a₅_ in Mrs. Hemans, _The Festal Hour_ (ii. 247); cf. _Metrik_,
ii, § 466.
Sometimes quite anisometrical stanzas with parallel rhymes occur,
especially in the earlier poets, as e.g. in Wyatt, Suckling, Cowley; a
stanza of Cowley's poem, _The Thief_ (Poets, v. 263), has the formula
_a₅ a b b c c₄ c₅_:
_What do I seek, alas! or why do I
Attempt in vain from thee to fly?
For, making thee my deity,
I give thee then ubiquity,
My pains resemble hell in this,
The Divine Presence there, too, is,
But to torment men, not to give them bliss._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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