A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
_on =f=lṓdes ǣ́ht =f=éor gewī́tan._ Beow. 42.
In the type A the single alliteration of the first hemistich not
unfrequently falls on the second accented syllable, such cases being
distinguished, as A3
_þā́ wæs on =b=úrgum =B=ḗowulf Scýldinga._ Beow. 53.
In types C and D the single alliteration of the first section must
always fall on the first accented syllable which in these types is
more emphatic than the second. In types B and E alliteration on the
second arsis would bring the alliteration too near to the end of the
hemistich, and is therefore rare.
Double alliteration in the first hemistich occurs in all of the five
types, and chiefly when the two accented syllables have equally strong
accents. It is, therefore, least common in C × –́ | –́ × where the
first arsis predominates over the second, and is most frequent in the
strengthened hemistichs, in D, E, A2, and in the five-membered D*
types, where it is the rule.[83]
A third form of alliteration, though much less important and frequent
than these two, occurs when the second accented syllable of the second
hemistich shares in alliteration, in addition to the first accented
syllable. There are then two different pairs of alliterative sounds
distributed alternately between the two hemistichs. The commonest form
of this double alliteration of the whole line is represented by the
formula a b | a b, as
_hwæt! we =G=ā́r=d=éna in =g=ḗar=d=águm._ Beow. 1.
_=Sc=ýldes =é=aferan =Sc=édelandum =í=n._ Beow. 19.
_=h=ílde=w=ǣ́þnum ond =h=éaðo=w=ǣ́dum._ Beow. 39;
less commonly by the formula a b | b a:
_þā =w=ǣ́ron =m=ónige þe his =m=ǣ́g =w=ríðon._
Beow. 2982.
_=h=wī́lum for =d=úguðe =d=óhtor =H=rṓðgà̄res._
Beow. 2020;
verses corresponding to the formula a a | b b are not found in early
poetry. No doubt certain instances of this double alliteration may be
accidental, but others seem intentional.
The foregoing rules as to alliteration are strictly observed in the
early and classic poetry, but in later times certain licences crept in.
Three of these may be noticed. (i) The second accented syllable of the
second hemistich is allowed to carry the alliteration instead of the
first accented syllable,
_=l=ā́stas =l=égde oððǽt hē ge=l=ǣ́dde._ Gen. 2536.
(ii) Both accented syllables of the second hemistich alliterate with one
accented syllable of the first hemistich,[84]
_me =s=éndon tṓ þē =s=ǣ́men =s=nélle._ Byrhtnoth 29.
(iii) The four accented syllables of the line all alliterate together,
_=G=ódwine ond =G=ódwīg =g=ū̀de ne =g=ȳ́mdon._
Byrhtn. 192.
In the majority of cases the same alliterative letter is not employed in
two successive lines, but we find cases like
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