[62] For details on these points and on the question of the treatment of forms in which vowel contraction is exhibited in the MSS. see Sievers, _Altgermanische Metrik_, §§ 74-77, and _Beiträge_, x. 475 ff. [63] 'Elements,' Sweet, _Anglo-Saxon Reader_, § 365. [64] Sievers, _Altgerm. Metrik_, § 9, 3. 4. [65] See, for example, Rieger, _Alt- und Angelsächsische Verskunst_, p. 62. [66] _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x, p. 209. [67] For the type –́ × × | –́ see below, § 29, and Sievers, _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x, p. 262. [68] Sievers, _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x, p. 262. [69] As Sievers calls them, _Altgerm. Metrik_, § 13. 2; they are marked A*, B*, &c. [70] The notation of Sievers for hemistichs with anacrusis (_auftaktige Verse_) is aA, aD, aE, &c. [71] Sievers, _Altgermanische Metrik_, pp. 33 ff. [72] It must be remembered that _ea_, _eo_, &c., are diphthongs, and have not the value of two vowels. [73] Sievers, _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x, p. 233. [74] Here _n_ counts as a syllable, see Sievers, _Angelsächsische Gram._,§ 141, and _Altgerm. Metrik_, § 79. [75] See the statistics in Sievers, _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x, p. 290. [76] Sievers, _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x. 241 and 294. [77] Sievers, _Altgerm. Metrik_, § 85, 2, Anm. 3. [78] Cf. Sievers, _Altgermanische Metrik_, § 15, 3 c, and § 116. 9. [79] See Max Cremer, _Metrische und sprachliche Untersuchungen der altenglischen Gedichte Andreas, Gūðlāc, Phoenix_, &c., 1888, pp. 31 ff.; Sievers, _Altgermanische Metrik_, § 86; and chiefly Eduard Sokoll, 'Zur Technik des altgermanischen Alliterationsverses,' in _Beiträge zur neueren Philologie_, Vienna, 1902, pp. 351-65. [80] But on this last expression see Sievers, _Phonetik_^4, § 359. [81] Edited by Grein in _Anglia_, ii. 141 ff. [82] The Old Norse _hofuðstafr_, Germ. _Hauptstab_. The alliterations in the first hemistich are called in Old Norse _stuðlar_ (sing. _stuðill_) 'supporters', Germ. _Stollen_ or _Stützen_. [83] Sievers, _Altgerm. Metrik_, § 20. [84] This is not very common in poetry of the more regular metrical structure, but is found in Ælfric's lines, in which we find hemistichs without any alliterating letter, and others where the alliteration is continued in the following line; two-thirds, however, of his lines are formed quite correctly. [85] Snorri, the Icelandic metrician, permits this in the case of certain monosyllabic words, but looks on it as a licence (_leyfi en eigi rétt setning_, Hāttatal, p. 596). [86] The subject of the preceding paragraphs was first investigated by M. Rieger in his essay _Alt- und Angelsächsische Verskunst_, p. 18, where many details will be found.