A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
_Þú art grèt and stróng, | fáir and èuene lóng._ 93-4.
_Þu schàlt be dúbbed kníght | are còme séue níȝt._ 447-8.
_Léue at hìre he nám | and into hálle cám._ 585-6.
As corresponding lines of earlier poems may be quoted:
_éarn ǣ́ses gèorn, | wæs on éorþan cýrm._ Byrhtn. 107.
_þat þe chírche hàbbe grýð | and þe chéorl bèo in frýð._ Prov. 93-4.
_lóuerd kìng wæs hæil! | for þine kíme ìch æm vǽin._
Lay. 14309-10.
The fourth type (four beats with masculine ending), which occurs
somewhat oftener, has the following form:
_Ófte hàdde Hòrn beo wó, | ac nèure wúrs þan hìm was þó._ 115-16.
_Þe stúard wàs in hèrte wó, | fòr he núste whàt to dó._ 275-6.
The corresponding rhythm of the earlier poems occurs in verses like:
_and his gefḗran he fordrā́f, | and sume míslice of slṓh._
Chr. 1036. 2.
_þe éorl ànd þe éþelìng | ibúreþ ùnder gódne kìng._ Prov. 74-5.
_and sélde wùrþ he blýþe and glèd | þe món þat ìs his wíves quèd._
ib. 304-5.
_þe þúnre heo ȝìven þúnres dæ̀i, | forþí þat hèo heom hélpen mæ̀i._
Lay. 13931-2.
The fifth type (four beats with feminine endings) is represented
by the following verses:
_To déþe hè hem álle bròȝte, | his fáder dèþ wel dére hi bòȝte._
883-4.
_Tomóreȝe bè þe fíȝtinge, | whàne þe líȝt of dáye sprìnge._ 817-18.
As corresponding verses of earlier poems we quote:
_=s=úme hi man wiþ fḗo =s=éalde, | =s=úme hrēowlice ācwéalde._
Chron. 1036. 3.
_and sóttes bòlt is sóne iscòte, | forþí ich hòlde híne for dòte._
Prov. 421-2.
_in þæ̀re sǽ heo fùnden utláwen, | þa kénneste þa wèoren ò þon
dáwen._ Lay. 1283-4.
The circumstance that these different types of verse occur in different
poems promiscuously makes it evident that they must all have been
developed from one original rhythmical form. It is clear that this
fundamental type can only be found in the old two-beat alliterative
hemistich, the more so as this kind of verse is the very metre in which
the earlier poems _Byrhtnoth_ and _Be Dōmes Dæge_ for the greatest part
are written, and which is exemplified in about a third part of the
poetical piece of the _Saxon Chronicle_ of 1036 and a fifth part of the
later-piece of 1087, and again very frequently in _Alfred's Proverbs_
and in Layamon's _Brut_, and which still can be traced as the original
rhythm of _King Horn_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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