A History of Epidemics in Britain, Volume 2 (of 2): From the Extinction of Plague to the Present TimeCreighton, Charles
History
A History of Epidemics in Britain, Volume 2 (of 2): From the Extinction of Plague to the Present Time
Creighton, Charles
Epidemics -- Great Britain -- History
Of the fevers some were of an intermittent type, but by far the most were
continued ship-typhus. Relapses were common, even to the sixth or seventh
time. The fever varied a good deal in malignity, but never produced
buboes, livid blotches or mortifications, and seldom parotids. Twenty-four
men received from January to March 1760 out of the ‘Garland’ had most of
them petechial spots accompanied with other symptoms of malignity, and of
these, five died or 20 per cent. But of 105 received during the same
months from the ‘Postilion’ and ‘Liverpool’ only eight died, and those
mostly of a flux. The infection had little tendency to spread among the
attendants at Haslar. In the first six months only one nurse died; in
1759, two labourers and two nurses died, one of the nurses by infection,
having concealed some infected shirts under her bed, the other by decay of
nature. Of more than a hundred persons employed in various offices about
the sick there died only those five in the course of eighteen months.
Although Lind’s account of ship-fever in the British navy is bad
enough, he has collected some far worse particulars of foreign ships.
Febrile contagion destroyed two-thirds of the men in the Duc
d’Anville’s fleet at Chebucto (now Halifax), in 1746, the complete
destruction of which was afterwards accomplished by the scurvy. It was
ship-fever which ravaged the Marquis d’Antin’s squadron in 1741, the
Count de Roquesevel’s in 1744, and the Toulon squadron in 1747. He
takes the following from Poissonnier’s _Traité de Maladies des Gens de
Mer_: The fleet commanded by M. Dubois de la Mothe sailed in 1757 from
Rochefort for Louisburg, Canada, having some men sickly. The ships
touched at Brest, and sent 400 ashore sick. They sailed from Brest on
3 May, and arrived at Louisburg on 28 June. There was then sickness in
only two ships, but in a short time it appeared in all the fleet. On
14 October the fleet sailed from Louisburg for home, embarking one
thousand sick, and leaving four hundred supposed dying. In less than
six days from sailing most of the thousand sick were dead. When the
fleet arrived at Brest on 22 November there were few seamen well
enough to navigate the ships; 4000 men were ill, the holds and decks
being crowded with the sick. The hospitals at Brest were already
occupied, two ships from Quebec shortly before having sent a thousand
men to them. Fifteen hospitals were soon filled, attended by five
physicians and one hundred and fifty surgeons. Two hundred almoners
and nurses fell victims. The infection passed to the lower class of
the citizens, the havoc became general, and houses everywhere were
filled with the dying and the dead. At length it got among the
prisoners in the hulks. This dreadful infection began to abate in
March, 1758, and ceased in April, having carried off in less than five
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