[464] [With respect to the institution of night-watch in this country, Stow says, “For a full remedy of enormities in the night, I read, that in the year 1253 Henry III. commanded watches in the cities and borough towns to be kept, for the better observing of peace and quietness among his people.... And further, by the advice of them of Savoy, he ordained, that if any man chanced to be robbed, or by any means damnified by any thief or robber, he to whom the charge of keeping that country, city, or borough, chiefly appertained, where the robbery was done, should competently restore the loss. And this was after the use of Savoy, but yet thought more hard to be observed here than in those parts; and therefore, leaving those laborious watches, I will speak of our pleasures and pastimes in watching by night.” (Survey of London, Thoms’s edition, 1842, p. 39.) He then describes the marching watches which were instituted in the months of June and July, on the vigils and evenings of festival days; with the cresset lights, &c. But he does not state whether these watches were continued in his time; nor does he state the author of the information which he gives us from his reading. The statute of Winchester, 13 Edward I. c. 4, enforces a continuation of the watches as they had previously been made, from Ascension-day to Michaelmas-day; the night-watch from sun-set to sunrise, in every city by six men at each gate, in every borough by twelve men, in every open town by six or four men.] [465] Nicolai Beschreib. von Berlin, i, p. 38. [466] Ib. p. 49. [467] Iter Germanicum. Hamburgi, 1717, 8vo, p. 26. [468] Lipsius De Milit. Rom. iv. 10, p. 198.--Bochart. Hierozoic. i. [469] From the name of this instrument, called in some places of Germany a _ratel_, arose the appellation of _ratelwache_, which was established at Hamburg in 1671. In the Dutch language the words _ratel_, _ratelaar_, _ratelen_, _ratelmann_, _ratelwagter_ (a night-watchman), are quite common. [470] Stanihurst De Rebus in Hibernia Gestis, lib. i. p. 33. [471] Leges Walliæ. Lond. 1730, fol. [472] The person whose turn it was to watch at the gates, was obliged to perform the duty himself, or to cause it to be performed by a fit and proper young citizen. Those who attended to trade and neglected the watch, paid for every omission one mark to the council. The case was the same with the watch on the tower in the market-place. [473] In the Berlin police ordinance of the year 1580, it was ordered that the _Raths-thurn oder Hausmann_, steeple-watchman or city-musician, should attend at weddings with music for the accustomed pay, but only till the hour of nine at night, in order that he might then blow his horn on the steeple, and place the night-watch.